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父亲的心理困扰、育儿方式与儿童行为:一项基于人群的横断面研究。

Paternal psychological distress, parenting, and child behaviour: A population based, cross-sectional study.

作者信息

Gulenc Alisha, Butler Emma, Sarkadi Anna, Hiscock Harriet

机构信息

Centre for Community Child Health, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.

Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.

出版信息

Child Care Health Dev. 2018 Nov;44(6):892-900. doi: 10.1111/cch.12607. Epub 2018 Aug 29.

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Child behaviour problems are common and can lead to later mental health problems. Poor maternal mental health and adverse parenting practices are known risk factors for child behaviour problems. Less is known about the association between paternal mental health and parenting, and child behaviour. We aimed to explore the association between paternal psychological distress and parenting (harsh discipline, low warmth, unreasonable expectations, and overinvolved/protectiveness) with children's internalising and externalising behaviour at 3 years of age.

METHODS

Cross-sectional surveys of 669 (80% response) fathers of 3-year-old children, nested within a randomised controlled trial. Main outcomes of behaviour (Child Behavior Checklist), parenting (Parent Behavior Checklist and overinvolved/protective parenting scale), and psychological distress (Kessler-6) were measured. Regression modelling examined the associations between paternal factors and child behaviour, adjusting for maternal mental health and parenting, as well as child and family variables.

RESULTS

In adjusted analyses, paternal psychological distress (b = 0.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.26-0.60], p < 0.001), harsh discipline (b = 0.20, 95% CI [0.13-0.27], p < 0.001), and maternal mental health (b = 0.08, 95% CI [0.03-0.12], p = 0.001) were associated with externalising symptoms. However, only paternal psychological distress, harsh discipline, and being a boy were associated with borderline/clinical levels of externalising problems (all p < 0.05). Paternal psychological distress, harsh discipline, overinvolved parenting, maternal mental health, and difficult child temperament were associated with internalising symptoms (all p < 0.05). However, only paternal harsh discipline and overinvolved parenting were associated with borderline/clinical internalising problems.

CONCLUSIONS

Paternal mental health and parenting are independently associated with child behaviour. Treatments for children with behavioural problems should also address paternal mental health and parenting.

摘要

背景

儿童行为问题很常见,可能会导致日后出现心理健康问题。母亲心理健康状况不佳和不良育儿方式是已知的儿童行为问题风险因素。关于父亲心理健康与育儿以及儿童行为之间的关联,人们了解较少。我们旨在探讨父亲心理困扰与育儿方式(严厉管教、缺乏温情、不合理期望以及过度参与/保护欲)与儿童3岁时内化和外化行为之间的关联。

方法

对669名(回应率80%)3岁儿童的父亲进行横断面调查,该调查嵌套在一项随机对照试验中。测量了行为(儿童行为清单)、育儿方式(父母行为清单和过度参与/保护型育儿量表)以及心理困扰(凯斯勒6项心理困扰量表)的主要结果。回归模型分析了父亲因素与儿童行为之间的关联,并对母亲心理健康和育儿方式以及儿童和家庭变量进行了调整。

结果

在调整分析中,父亲心理困扰(b = 0.43,95%置信区间[CI][0.26 - 0.60],p < 0.001)、严厉管教(b = 0.20,95% CI [0.13 - 0.27],p < 0.001)和母亲心理健康(b = 0.08,95% CI [0.03 - 0.12],p = 0.001)与外化症状相关。然而,只有父亲心理困扰、严厉管教以及孩子为男孩与外化问题的临界/临床水平相关(所有p < 0.05)。父亲心理困扰、严厉管教、过度参与型育儿方式、母亲心理健康以及儿童难养气质与内化症状相关(所有p < 0.05)。然而,只有父亲严厉管教和过度参与型育儿方式与临界/临床内化问题相关。

结论

父亲心理健康和育儿方式与儿童行为独立相关。对有行为问题儿童的治疗也应关注父亲心理健康和育儿方式。

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