Eroğlu Fadime
FaBiyosit Microbiology-Biotechnology R&D Co., Adana, Turkey.
Mikrobiyol Bul. 2018 Jul;52(3):284-292. doi: 10.5578/mb.67092.
The free living amoebae cause various infections such as Acanthamoeba keratitis, granulomatous amoebic encephalitis, primer amoebic meningoencephalitis in humans and animals. The free living amoebae Acanthamoeba, Balamuthia mandriallis, Naegleria fowleria and Sappinia species that cause disease in humans have been isolated from many environmental materials until today. However, no isolation has been reported from the filters of the air conditions from the houses used for ventilation. The aim of this study was toinvestigate the existence of free living amoebae using molecular methods in the filters of air-conditions used in the study living area of the people. A total of 30 dust samples were taken from the filtersof air-conditions in Adana and Gaziantep province of Turkey. DNA isolation of the dust samples was performed using the DNeasy PowerSoil kit (Qiagen, Germany) and polymerase chain reaction was done with specific primers of Acanthamoeba spp., B.mandriallis, N.fowleria and Sappinia species. As a result of this study, Acanthamoeba spp. was determined as 33.3% (5/15) and B.mandriallis was determined as6.6% (1/15) in Adana province. On the other hand, Acanthamoeba species was determined as 26.6% (4/15) and B.mandriallis was determined as 13.3% (2/15) in Gaziantep province. N.fowleria and Sappina species were not detectedin both of the cities. DNA sequence analysis was performed for the confirmation of the species and 99% of the results were similar to the other species in GenBank. The rates of Acanthamoeba castellanii and Acanthamoeba griffinii (T3) were determined as %66.6 (6/9) and 33.3% (3/9), respectively by DNA sequencing. Distribution of Acanthamoeba species according to the cities were 33.3% (3/9) for A.castellanii and 22.2% (2/9) for A.griffini in Adana. It was 33.3% (3/9) for A.castellanii and 11.1% (1/9) for A.griffini in Gaziantep. There was no significant difference in the distribution of the parasite species among cities (p> 0.1). It is important to raise awareness of the diseases caused by free living amoebae among people. Acanthamoeba species have been reported frequently from environmental materials in Turkey, but B.mandriallis has not been reported from any environmental sample since this study. The presence of B.mandriallis has been reported in the air-conditions of houses in this study. This result shows that people have risk in terms of illness of free living amoebae in living areas. Our study emphasized that firstly the health personnel and then the people should be informed about the deadly parasites and the cleaning of the air conditions should be done in certain periods.
自由生活阿米巴可引起多种感染，如人类和动物的棘阿米巴角膜炎、肉芽肿性阿米巴脑炎、原发性阿米巴脑膜脑炎。直到今天，已从许多环境材料中分离出可导致人类疾病的自由生活阿米巴，如棘阿米巴属、曼氏巴贝斯虫、福氏耐格里阿米巴和萨平虫属。然而，尚未有从用于通风的房屋空调滤网中分离出自由生活阿米巴的报道。本研究的目的是使用分子方法调查在人们居住区域使用的空调滤网中自由生活阿米巴的存在情况。共从土耳其阿达纳省和加济安泰普省的空调滤网中采集了30份灰尘样本。使用DNeasy PowerSoil试剂盒（德国Qiagen公司）对灰尘样本进行DNA提取，并使用棘阿米巴属、曼氏巴贝斯虫、福氏耐格里阿米巴和萨平虫属的特异性引物进行聚合酶链反应。本研究结果显示，在阿达纳省，棘阿米巴属占33.3%（5/15），曼氏巴贝斯虫占6.6%（1/15）。另一方面，在加济安泰普省，棘阿米巴属占26.6%（4/15），曼氏巴贝斯虫占13.3%（2/15）。在这两个城市均未检测到福氏耐格里阿米巴和萨平虫属。为确认物种进行了DNA序列分析，99%的结果与GenBank中的其他物种相似。通过DNA测序，卡氏棘阿米巴和格里菲斯棘阿米巴（T3）的比例分别确定为66.6%（6/9）和33.3%（3/9）。根据城市划分，卡氏棘阿米巴在阿达纳的分布为33.3%（3/9），格里菲斯棘阿米巴为22.2%（2/9）。在加济安泰普，卡氏棘阿米巴为33.3%（3/9），格里菲斯棘阿米巴为11.1%（1/9）。寄生虫物种在城市间的分布没有显著差异（p>0.1）。提高人们对自由生活阿米巴引起疾病的认识很重要。在土耳其，棘阿米巴属已频繁从环境材料中报道，但自本研究以来，曼氏巴贝斯虫尚未从任何环境样本中报道过。本研究报道了在房屋空调中存在曼氏巴贝斯虫。这一结果表明，人们在居住区域有感染自由生活阿米巴疾病的风险。我们的研究强调，首先应告知卫生人员，然后告知人们关于这些致命寄生虫的信息，并应定期清洁空调。
