a Center for Psychiatric Rehabilitation , Boston University , Boston , USA.
Psychol Health Med. 2019 Feb;24(2):177-186. doi: 10.1080/13548506.2018.1516295. Epub 2018 Aug 31.
Lifestyle factors like unhealthy eating habits contribute significantly to high rates of obesity and cardiovascular disease, and premature mortality among individuals with serious mental illness (SMI). Approaches focusing only on nutritional education and portion control do not address underlying challenges, e.g. effects of medication, mood, stress and anxiety on eating behaviors. We developed a program to enhance self-efficacy and self-regulation based on mindful eating. Mindful eating has been effective in reducing obesity related eating patterns in other populations, but these studies have not included individuals with SMI.
Forty six individuals participated over four rounds of the 14-week mindful eating and nutrition education program, responded to questionnaires about eating behaviors and provided qualitative feedback between January 2013 and December 2016.
Pre-post analysis of the Mindful Eating Questionnaire and the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire showed that participants ate with significantly greater awareness, less distraction, greater cognitive restraint, and engaged less in over eating and emotional eating at the end of the program. The program was well-received by participants.
Mindful eating could improve the long term success of interventions to address unhealthy eating among individuals with SMI. More research is needed with rigorous experimental design, larger samples, and different settings.
生活方式因素，如不健康的饮食习惯，是导致肥胖和心血管疾病高发以及严重精神疾病（SMI）患者过早死亡的重要原因。仅关注营养教育和份量控制的方法无法解决潜在的挑战，例如药物、情绪、压力和焦虑对饮食行为的影响。我们开发了一个基于正念饮食的增强自我效能和自我调节的项目。正念饮食在减少其他人群的肥胖相关饮食模式方面已被证明是有效的，但这些研究并未包括 SMI 患者。
46 名参与者参加了四轮为期 14 周的正念饮食和营养教育项目，在 2013 年 1 月至 2016 年 12 月期间，他们对饮食行为进行了问卷调查，并提供了定性反馈。
正念饮食问卷和三因素饮食问卷的预-后分析表明，参与者在项目结束时的饮食具有更高的意识、更少的分心、更大的认知控制，并且更少出现过度进食和情绪化进食。该项目受到参与者的好评。
正念饮食可以提高干预措施在解决 SMI 患者不健康饮食方面的长期成功率。需要更多的研究，包括更严格的实验设计、更大的样本和不同的环境。
