Cho Kathleen R
ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN.
Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc. 2018;129:40-47.
Ovarian cancer is a generic term that encompasses several different tumor types. The most common and lethal type is known as high-grade serous carcinoma. The cellular origin of high-grade serous carcinoma has been debated for many years, but recent studies suggest that many, if not most, arise from epithelium in the fallopian tube rather than from the ovarian surface epithelium. Genetically engineered mice have been used to study the consequences of transforming epithelium in the oviduct (mouse fallopian tube equivalent) versus the ovarian surface epithelium, and to test whether genetic alterations characteristic of specific types of human ovarian cancers will lead to morphologically and biologically similar tumors in the mouse. Recent studies show that the mouse tumor phenotype is highly dependent on both cell of origin and the specific genetic alterations underlying neoplastic transformation, with mouse tumors based on transformation of oviductal epithelium more closely recapitulating their human tumor counterparts than those based on ovarian surface epithelium transformation. Understanding the cellular origins of ovarian cancer has significant implications for improving ovarian cancer prevention and early detection.
卵巢癌是一个通用术语，涵盖几种不同的肿瘤类型。最常见且致命的类型是高级别浆液性癌。多年来，高级别浆液性癌的细胞起源一直存在争议，但最近的研究表明，即便不是大多数，许多此类癌症起源于输卵管上皮，而非卵巢表面上皮。基因工程小鼠已被用于研究输卵管（相当于小鼠的输卵管）上皮与卵巢表面上皮转化的后果，并测试特定类型人类卵巢癌的特征性基因改变是否会在小鼠中导致形态和生物学上相似的肿瘤。最近的研究表明，小鼠肿瘤表型高度依赖于起源细胞和肿瘤转化所依据的特定基因改变，基于输卵管上皮转化的小鼠肿瘤比基于卵巢表面上皮转化的小鼠肿瘤更能准确重现其人类肿瘤对应物。了解卵巢癌的细胞起源对改善卵巢癌的预防和早期检测具有重要意义。
