Ghofrani Mohammad, Tonekaboni Hassan, Karimzadeh Parvaneh, Nasiri Jafar, Pirzadeh Zahra, Ghazzavi Mohamadreza, Yghini Omid
Pediatric Neurology Research Center, Research Institute for Children Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
Departemnt of Pediatric Neurology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
Int J Prev Med. 2018 Aug 14;9:69. doi: 10.4103/ijpvm.IJPVM_262_17. eCollection 2018.
Considering that better understanding of the underlying mechanisms and risk factors of arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) would be helpful for better management of stroke and its outcome in children as well as preventing or reducing the occurrence of its related potential disabilities, the aim of this study was to investigate the most common risk factors and causes of AIS in patients referred to the referral hospitals in Tehran and Isfahan cities of Iran.
In this study, medical files of all pediatric patients admitted to the Mofid and Imam Hossein children's hospitals with the diagnosis of AIS from 2001 to 2011 and 2011 to 2016, respectively, were evaluated. Identified risk factors of AIS were categorized as arteriopathies, cardiac disorders (CDs), infection, acute head-and-neck disorders, acute systemic conditions, chronic systemic conditions, prothrombotic states, chronic head-and-neck disorders, atherosclerosis-related RFs, and others.
In this study, 61 patients were evaluated. Mean (standard deviation) age of the patients was 5.1 (3.9) years. About 62.3% of the patients were boys while 37.7% were girls ( < 0.01). A total of 36 patients (59%) had at least one risk factor for AIS. About 40.9% of patients had undetermined risk factors. CDs (21.31%) and vascular disease (21.31%) were the most common risk factors of AIS in the studied children. Nearly 11.5% of the patients had moyamoya vascular disease (MMD).
The findings of our study indicated that the most common risk factors for AIS in the two studied regions are congenital heart and vascular diseases. The results of the current study could be used for planning more preventive strategies in patients suffering from the mentioned diseases. In addition, the obtained data could be used for conducting targeted education and management of high-risk patients.
鉴于更好地了解动脉缺血性卒中（AIS）的潜在机制和危险因素有助于更好地管理儿童卒中及其预后，并预防或减少其相关潜在残疾的发生，本研究的目的是调查转诊至伊朗德黑兰和伊斯法罕市转诊医院的AIS患者中最常见的危险因素和病因。
在本研究中，分别评估了2001年至2011年以及2011年至2016年期间入住莫菲德儿童医院和伊玛目侯赛因儿童医院且诊断为AIS的所有儿科患者的病历。确定的AIS危险因素分为动脉病变、心脏疾病（CDs）、感染、急性头颈部疾病、急性全身性疾病、慢性全身性疾病、血栓前状态、慢性头颈部疾病、动脉粥样硬化相关危险因素以及其他因素。
本研究共评估了61例患者。患者的平均（标准差）年龄为5.1（3.9）岁。约62.3%的患者为男孩，37.7%为女孩（P<0.01）。共有36例患者（59%）至少有一项AIS危险因素。约40.9%的患者危险因素未明。CDs（21.31%）和血管疾病（21.31%）是所研究儿童中AIS最常见的危险因素。近11.5%的患者患有烟雾病（MMD）。
我们的研究结果表明，在两个研究地区，AIS最常见的危险因素是先天性心脏和血管疾病。本研究结果可用于为患有上述疾病的患者制定更多预防策略。此外，所获得的数据可用于对高危患者进行针对性教育和管理。
