埃及大学生对推荐饮食指南的依从性及其与健康饮食重要性的关系。
Adherence to Recommended Dietary Guidelines and the Relationships with the Importance of Eating Healthy in Egyptian University Students.
作者信息
El Ansari Walid, Samara Anastasia
机构信息
Department of Surgery, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar.
College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
出版信息
Int J Prev Med. 2018 Aug 14;9:73. doi: 10.4103/ijpvm.IJPVM_619_14. eCollection 2018.
BACKGROUND
Little is known on the food consumption habits and adherence to dietary guidelines among young adults. We examined students' adherence to recommended guidelines, and the associations between importance of eating healthy and guidelines adherence.
METHODS
A total of 3271 undergraduates at 11 faculties, Assiut University, Egypt (2009-2010), completed a questionnaire reporting their consumption of 12 food groups; number of servings of fruits/vegetables/day; and how important it is for them to eat healthy. We employed the WHO guidelines for the Eastern Mediterranean region (WHO 2012) to compute students' adherence to dietary guidelines for the different food groups. Chi-square tested the differences for adherence to guidelines by gender, and the associations between the importance of healthy eating and guidelines adherence for the whole sample and by gender.
RESULTS
Except for cereal products, no food group had an adherence level >45%. Gender differences were observed (men had better adherence for sweets, cake/cookies, snacks, and raw vegetables but not for fast food/canned food or cooked vegetables, < 0.001 for each). There was a significant positive trend between the increase of subjective importance of eating healthy and adherence to guidelines ( = 0.012-< 0.001). However, this association was only for some food groups and gender dependent.
CONCLUSIONS
Across the majority of food groups we examined, this sample exhibited low adherence levels to International Nutrition Guidelines. Healthier eating educational/intervention efforts should target foods exhibiting low adherence (most food groups, particularly salad/raw vegetables, fresh fruits, dairy/dairy products, meat/sausage products); consider gender differences (females reported lower adherence across most food groups); and note the relation between adherence and subjective importance of eating healthy by food groups and gender.
背景
关于年轻人的食物消费习惯以及对饮食指南的遵循情况，我们了解得很少。我们研究了学生对推荐指南的遵循情况，以及健康饮食的重要性与指南遵循之间的关联。
方法
埃及阿斯尤特大学11个学院的3271名本科生（2009 - 2010年）完成了一份问卷，报告他们对12种食物组的消费情况；每天水果/蔬菜的食用份数；以及对他们来说健康饮食有多重要。我们采用世界卫生组织东地中海区域指南（世界卫生组织，2012年）来计算学生对不同食物组饮食指南的遵循情况。卡方检验用于检验按性别划分的指南遵循差异，以及整个样本和按性别划分的健康饮食重要性与指南遵循之间的关联。
结果
除谷物产品外，没有食物组的遵循水平超过45%。观察到了性别差异（男性在甜食、蛋糕/饼干、零食和生蔬菜方面的遵循情况更好，但在快餐/罐装食品或熟蔬菜方面并非如此，每项<0.001）。健康饮食主观重要性的增加与指南遵循之间存在显著的正相关趋势（=0.012 - <0.001）。然而，这种关联仅适用于某些食物组且依赖于性别。
结论
在我们研究的大多数食物组中，该样本对国际营养指南的遵循水平较低。更健康饮食的教育/干预措施应针对遵循水平较低的食物（大多数食物组，特别是沙拉/生蔬菜、新鲜水果、乳制品/奶制品、肉类/香肠制品）；考虑性别差异（女性在大多数食物组中的遵循情况较低）；并注意按食物组和性别划分的遵循情况与健康饮食主观重要性之间的关系。
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