Habibi B
Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique. 1986;34(2):118-25.
This article reviews some of the epidemiologic aspects of transmission of LAV through transfusion of blood and blood products in the light of data available until late December 1985 in France, Europe and the United States. As of December 1985, blood transfusion has been considered the etiologic factor in 2.58% of the 15,172 cases of AIDS reported in the USA and in 5.6% of 1,573 cases of AIDS registered in Europe. Whole blood, cellular blood components and plasma derivatives except Albumin and immunoglobulins have been incriminated in 1.75 to 2.22 of the above percentages. Hemophiliacs under long term therapy by factor VIII and factor IX concentrates (0.83 to 3.36 of the above percentages) represent a highly exposed group when one considers the small proportion of these individuals in the general population (1/10,000 inhabitants). Three preventive measures have been officially implemented in the French transfusion network: self refrainment and deferral of prospective donors belonging to risk factor groups, systematic screening of donated blood for the presence of anti-LAV antibodies and elimination of seropositive units, heat treatment of coagulation factor concentrates to achieve viral inactivation. Information and medical follow up of LAV-contaminated donors thus identified and of their partners represent an important issue among the current public health problems.
本文根据截至1985年12月底法国、欧洲和美国的现有数据，回顾了通过输血和血液制品传播嗜淋巴细胞病毒（LAV）的一些流行病学情况。截至1985年12月，在美国报告的15172例艾滋病病例中，2.58%的病例被认为病因是输血；在欧洲登记的1573例艾滋病病例中，5.6%的病例病因是输血。全血、细胞血液成分以及除白蛋白和免疫球蛋白之外的血浆衍生物在上述病例中所占比例为1.75%至2.22%。考虑到这些个体在普通人群中所占比例很小（每10000名居民中有1人），长期接受凝血因子VIII和IX浓缩剂治疗的血友病患者（在上述病例中所占比例为0.83%至3.36%）是一个高暴露群体。法国输血网络已正式实施了三项预防措施：属于危险因素组的潜在献血者自行避免献血并延期献血，对捐献血液进行系统筛查以检测抗LAV抗体的存在并剔除血清反应阳性的血液单位，对凝血因子浓缩剂进行热处理以实现病毒灭活。对由此确定的受LAV污染的献血者及其伴侣进行信息告知和医学随访，是当前公共卫生问题中的一个重要事项。
