Johnston James, Hoggard Michael, Biswas Kristi, Astudillo-García Carmen, Radcliff Fiona J, Mahadevan Murali, Douglas Richard G
Department of Surgery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2018 Oct;113:51-57. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2018.07.024. Epub 2018 Jul 19.
Culture-independent methods, based on bacterial 16 S rRNA gene sequencing, have been used previously to investigate the adenotonsillar microbiota. However, these studies have focused on a single sampling site (usually a surface swab). We aimed to investigate potential differences in adenotonsillar microbiota according to sampling location, both on and within the adenoids and palatine tonsils.
Pediatric patients (n = 28, mean age five years) undergoing adenotonsillectomy were recruited for this study. At the time of surgery, a mucosal adenoid surface swab and an adenoid tissue biopsy was collected. Immediately following surgery, the crypts of the right and left tonsils were swabbed, and a surface and core tissue sample from the right tonsil were also collected. Bacterial 16 S rRNA gene-targeted amplicon sequencing was used to determine the bacterial composition of the collected samples.
There was no significant difference in diversity or composition of the adenoid microbiota based on sampling site. However, the Shannon-Wiener and Inverse-Simpson diversity indices differed significantly (p < 0.05) between the microbial communities of the three different tonsil sampling sites. There was a higher average relative abundance of members from the genera Streptococcus, Actinobacillus, and Neisseria in the tonsil crypts when compared with surface and core tonsil tissue samples.
Our results indicate that there is variation in bacterial diversity and composition based on sampling sites in the tonsils but not the adenoids. The difference in microbiota between the surface and the tissue may have implications for our understanding of the pathogenesis of recurrent tonsillitis and have treatment implications.
基于细菌16S rRNA基因测序的非培养方法先前已用于研究腺样体扁桃体微生物群。然而，这些研究集中在单个采样部位（通常是表面拭子）。我们旨在根据腺样体和腭扁桃体表面及内部的采样位置，研究腺样体扁桃体微生物群的潜在差异。
本研究招募了接受腺样体扁桃体切除术的儿科患者（n = 28，平均年龄5岁）。手术时，采集腺样体黏膜表面拭子和腺样体组织活检样本。手术后立即对左右扁桃体隐窝进行拭子采样，并采集右侧扁桃体的表面和核心组织样本。使用细菌16S rRNA基因靶向扩增子测序来确定所采集样本的细菌组成。
基于采样部位，腺样体微生物群的多样性或组成没有显著差异。然而，三个不同扁桃体采样部位的微生物群落之间，香农-维纳和逆辛普森多样性指数存在显著差异（p < 0.05）。与扁桃体表面和核心组织样本相比，扁桃体隐窝中链球菌属、放线杆菌属和奈瑟菌属成员的平均相对丰度更高。
我们的结果表明，扁桃体不同采样部位的细菌多样性和组成存在差异，但腺样体没有。扁桃体表面和组织之间微生物群的差异可能对我们理解复发性扁桃体炎的发病机制有影响，并对治疗有启示意义。
