Piotrowicz-Cieślak Agnieszka I, Sikorski Łukasz, Łozowicka Bożena, Kaczyński Piotr, Michalczyk Dariusz J, Bęś Agnieszka, Adomas Barbara
1Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
2Department of Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego 17, 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland.
Biologia (Bratisl). 2018;73(7):637-646. doi: 10.2478/s11756-018-0092-8. Epub 2018 Aug 6.
Due to the widespread and frequent use of Roundup Ultra 360 SL in crops production, the active substance glyphosate is often present (in the soil or in post-harvest remnants) and may be toxic to plants, including the non-target species. The aim of the current study was to determine the sensitivity of young soybean seedlings to glyphosate in concentrations ranging from 0 to 10 μM. It was demonstrated that the seedlings take small quantities of soil glyphosate up. More of the active substance was found in the shoots than in the roots. From the doses applied, the plant absorbs up to 4% of soil glyphosate, while over 96% remains in the soil. This suggests that only 4% of glyphosate taken up from the soil affects plant seedling development and water management. It modifies the contents of the biogenic amines cadaverine and putrescine as well as the activity of enzymes involved in their biosynthesis, i.e. ornithine decarboxylase and lysine decarboxylase. The free radical content of the roots increased with increasing herbicide doses and time of exposure. The main enzyme involved in the rapid removal of free radicals was superoxide peroxidase, activated by the herbicide treatment, while catalase was not significantly stimulated.
由于草甘膦超浓缩360 SL在作物生产中的广泛频繁使用，活性物质草甘膦经常存在（于土壤或收获后残留物中），可能对包括非目标物种在内的植物有毒。本研究的目的是确定浓度范围为0至10 μM的草甘膦对大豆幼苗的敏感性。结果表明，幼苗吸收少量土壤中的草甘膦。在地上部分发现的活性物质比根部更多。在所施用的剂量中，植物吸收高达4%的土壤草甘膦，而超过96%仍留在土壤中。这表明从土壤中吸收的草甘膦只有4%影响植物幼苗发育和水分管理。它改变了生物胺尸胺和腐胺的含量以及参与其生物合成的酶的活性，即鸟氨酸脱羧酶和赖氨酸脱羧酶。随着除草剂剂量增加和暴露时间延长，根部的自由基含量增加。参与快速清除自由基的主要酶是超氧化物过氧化物酶，其被除草剂处理激活，而过氧化氢酶未受到显著刺激。
