Devaux P F, Zachowski A, Favre E, Fellmann P, Cribier S, Geldwerth D, Hervé P, Seigneuret M
Biochimie. 1986 Mar;68(3):383-93. doi: 10.1016/s0300-9084(86)80005-0.
In this review, we show how the stability of the asymmetric transverse distribution of phospholipids and the physiological role of the asymmetric distribution can be explained. Experiments with paramagnetic or fluorescent lipids enabled us to show that in fresh red blood cells, i.e. containing ATP, and in resealed ghosts containing ATP (1 mM) the amino derivatives (phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine) are selectively transported from the outer monolayer to the inner monolayer of the membranes. On the other hand, phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin are not carried and diffuse spontaneously with a very long characteristic time. The ATP-dependent carrier mechanism can be inhibited by protein reacting groups (N-ethyl maleimide and ortho-vanadate), which very probably implies a transmembrane protein specific for amino phospholipids. The affinity for phosphatidylserine seems slightly higher than that for phosphatidylethanolamine. In addition we show the close parallel between the transverse distribution of phospholipids and cell shape. This leads us to suggest that the phospholipid translocation would be used to maintain the natural discoid shape of red blood cells. A possible generalisation of this mechanism to other cells and its implications for endocytosis are discussed.
在本综述中，我们展示了磷脂不对称横向分布的稳定性以及这种不对称分布的生理作用是如何得到解释的。使用顺磁性或荧光脂质进行的实验使我们能够表明，在新鲜红细胞（即含有ATP）以及含有ATP（1 mM）的重封血影中，氨基衍生物（磷脂酰丝氨酸和磷脂酰乙醇胺）被选择性地从膜的外单层转运至内单层。另一方面，磷脂酰胆碱和鞘磷脂不会被转运，而是以非常长的特征时间自发扩散。依赖ATP的载体机制可被蛋白质反应基团（N - 乙基马来酰亚胺和原钒酸盐）抑制，这很可能意味着存在一种对氨基磷脂具有特异性的跨膜蛋白。对磷脂酰丝氨酸的亲和力似乎略高于对磷脂酰乙醇胺的亲和力。此外，我们展示了磷脂的横向分布与细胞形状之间的紧密平行关系。这使我们提出，磷脂转运可用于维持红细胞的天然盘状形状。本文还讨论了该机制向其他细胞的可能推广及其对内吞作用的影响。
