Winters Janelle, Fernandes Genevie, McGivern Lauren, Sridhar Devi
Global Health Governance Programme, Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, UK.
Wellcome Open Res. 2018 Aug 17;3:18. doi: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.13904.2. eCollection 2018.
Over the past decade gender mainstreaming has gained visibility at global health organisations. The World Bank, one of the largest funders of global health activities, released two showcasing its gender policies, and recently announced a $1 billion initiative for women's entrepreneurship. We summarise the development of the Bank's gender policies and analyse its financing of gender projects in the health sector. This article is intended to provide background for future research on the Bank's gender and global health portfolio. First, we constructed a timeline of the Bank's gender policy development, through a review of published articles, grey literature, and Bank documents and reports. Second, we performed a health-focused analysis of publicly available Bank gender project databases, to track its financing of health sector projects with a gender 'theme' from 1985-2017. The Bank's gender policy developed through four major phases from 1972-2017: 'women in development' (WID), institutionalisation of WID, gender mainstreaming, and gender equality through 'smart economics'. In the more inclusive Bank project database, projects with a gender theme comprised between 1.3% (1985-1989) and 6.2% (2010-2016) of all Bank commitments. Most funding targeted middle-income countries and particular health themes, including communicable diseases and health systems. Major gender-related trust funds were absent from both databases. The Bank reports that 98% of its lending is 'gender informed', which indicates that the gender theme used in its publicly available project databases is poorly aligned with its criteria for gender informed projects. The Bank focused most of its health sector gender projects on women's and girls' issues. It is increasingly embracing private sector financing of its gender activities, which may impact its poverty alleviation agenda. Measuring the success of gender mainstreaming in global health will require the Bank to release more information about its gender indicators and projects.
在过去十年中，性别平等主流化在全球卫生组织中已受到关注。世界银行是全球卫生活动最大的资助者之一，发布了两份展示其性别政策的文件，最近还宣布了一项10亿美元的女性创业计划。我们总结了世行性别政策的发展情况，并分析了其在卫生领域对性别项目的融资情况。本文旨在为未来关于世行性别与全球卫生项目组合的研究提供背景。首先，我们通过查阅已发表的文章、灰色文献以及世行文件和报告，构建了世行性别政策发展的时间线。其次，我们对世行公开的性别项目数据库进行了以卫生为重点的分析，以追踪其在1985年至2017年期间对具有性别“主题”的卫生部门项目的融资情况。世行的性别政策在1972年至2017年期间经历了四个主要阶段：“妇女参与发展”（WID）、WID的制度化、性别平等主流化以及通过“明智经济学”实现性别平等。在更具包容性的世行项目数据库中，具有性别主题的项目占世行所有承诺的1.3%（1985 - 1989年）至6.2%（2010 - 2016年）之间。大多数资金针对中等收入国家和特定的卫生主题，包括传染病和卫生系统。两个数据库中都没有主要的与性别相关的信托基金。世行报告称其98%的贷款“考虑到了性别因素”，这表明其公开项目数据库中使用的性别主题与其考虑性别因素项目的标准不太一致。世行将其大部分卫生部门性别项目集中在妇女和女孩问题上。它越来越多地接受私营部门为其性别活动提供资金，这可能会影响其减贫议程。衡量全球卫生领域性别平等主流化的成功程度将要求世行发布更多关于其性别指标和项目的信息。
