Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India.
Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2018 Nov 30;164:722-731. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.08.032. Epub 2018 Aug 31.
The quality of soils under different land uses is getting deteriorated throughout the world due to various anthropogenic activities. This deterioration is highly complex in riverine floodplain areas due to contamination by multiple point and non-point sources and change in seasons. Therefore, a study was conducted to analyze seasonal (pre and post-monsoon) variations in physico-chemical characteristics, contents of metal(loid)s (Al, As, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb and Zn) in riverine floodplain soils under three land uses (agricultural, riverbank and roadside) from areas around the rivers Beas and Sutlej in Punjab, India. Further, analysis was done to assess the ecological and genotoxic risks (Allium cepa genotoxicity assay) posed by metal(loid)s in these soils. It was observed that soil samples under the three land uses were slightly alkaline (pre-monsoon) to acidic (post-monsoon) in nature with sandy texture and low soil organic matter. The levels of most metal(loid)s increased in post-monsoon soil samples under the three land uses, which was attributed to increase in soil organic matter, silt and clay contents in post-monsoon samples due to precipitation, flooding and sedimentation. The ecological Risk Index (58.3-104.5) and Modified Risk Index (145.2-178.9) calculated to analyze the level of ecological risks of metal(loid)s revealed that As, Cd and Sb posed moderate to considerable ecological risks in the agricultural and roadside soils in both seasons. Allium cepa genotoxicity assay indicated that the metal(loid)s in studied soils can cause genotoxic effects in biological systems. Therefore, various steps such as reduction in use of agrochemicals, promotion of organic agricultural methods and decontamination of soils using techniques such as phytoremediation etc must be taken to ensure reduction and containment of metal(loid)s in such riverine floodplain areas.
由于各种人为活动，不同土地利用方式下的土壤质量在全球范围内都在恶化。由于多源和季节性的污染以及季节变化，这种恶化在河流泛滥平原地区更为复杂。因此，进行了一项研究，以分析印度旁遮普邦比阿斯河和萨特莱杰河周边地区三种土地利用方式（农业、河岸和路边）下的河流泛滥平原土壤在干湿两季的理化特性和金属（类）含量的季节性（前、后季风）变化，这些金属（类）包括（Al、As、Cd、Cr、Co、Cu、Fe、Mn、Mo、Ni、Pb、Sb 和 Zn）。此外，还分析了这些土壤中金属（类）对生态和遗传毒性风险（洋葱大蒜根尖细胞遗传毒性检测）的影响。结果表明，三种土地利用方式下的土壤样本在干湿两季均呈弱碱性（前季风）至酸性（后季风），质地为沙质，土壤有机质含量低。三种土地利用方式下后季风土壤样本中的大多数金属（类）含量均有所增加，这归因于后季风期间降水、洪水和泥沙沉积导致土壤有机质、粉土和粘粒含量增加。为分析金属（类）的生态风险水平而计算的生态风险指数（58.3-104.5）和修正风险指数（145.2-178.9）表明，砷、镉和锑在干湿两季对农业和路边土壤中的生态风险为中度至高度。洋葱大蒜根尖细胞遗传毒性检测表明，研究土壤中的金属（类）可能会对生物系统造成遗传毒性影响。因此，必须采取各种措施，如减少农用化学品的使用、推广有机农业方法以及利用植物修复等技术对土壤进行去污，以确保减少和控制此类河流泛滥平原地区的金属（类）。
