Timofeev S A, Tokarev Yu S, Simakova A V, Tsarev A A, Dolgikh V V
Tsitologiia. 2016;58(8):594-601.
Microsporidia comprise a group of fungi-related obligate intracellular eukaryotic pathogens with extremely wide host range: from protists to mammals. Adaptation to intracellular parasitism drives these parasites towards significant reduction and modification of the genome and functional apparatus, which causes extreme dependence on the host cell, as well as sophisticated host-parasite relationships. In this review we summarize our results and recent literature data about microsporidian interactions with the host at the cellular level. The impacts of these pathogens to infected cells include induction of hypertrophy, restructuring and modification of the cytoskeleton and the vesicular transport system of the host cells. Microsporidians also able to stimulate the metabolic processes in the infected cells and inhibit their defensive reactions. The main tool of the direct regulatory impact of microsporidia on the host cell apparently is the secretion of the special protein effectors capable to interfere to regulatory and signaling pathways of the host cell.
微孢子虫是一类与真菌相关的专性细胞内真核病原体，宿主范围极广：从原生生物到哺乳动物。对细胞内寄生生活的适应促使这些寄生虫的基因组和功能装置大幅缩减与改变，这导致它们对宿主细胞极度依赖，以及形成复杂的宿主-寄生虫关系。在本综述中，我们总结了我们关于微孢子虫在细胞水平与宿主相互作用的结果及近期文献数据。这些病原体对受感染细胞的影响包括诱导细胞肥大、宿主细胞细胞骨架和囊泡运输系统的重组与改变。微孢子虫还能够刺激受感染细胞中的代谢过程并抑制其防御反应。微孢子虫对宿主细胞直接调节作用的主要工具显然是分泌能够干扰宿主细胞调节和信号通路的特殊蛋白质效应物。
