Sánchez Jorge, Sánchez Andrés, Cardona Ricardo
Grupo de Alergología Clínica y Experimental, IPS Universitaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia Fundación para el Desarrollo de las Ciencias Médicas y Biológicas, Cartagena, Colombia.
Biomedica. 2018 Aug 1;38(0):80-86. doi: 10.7705/biomedica.v38i3.3801.
Introduction: Mites are an important source of allergens in the tropics. Other potential sources of allergens prevalent in the region such as insects have been poorly studied. Objective: To determine the relationship between exposure and allergic sensitization to cockroaches, mosquitos, ants and the interaction with mite sensitization. Materials and methods: We included patients with allergy tests for Blatella germanica, Aedes aegypti, Solenopsis invicta, Blomia tropicalis, Dermatophagoides farinae and D. pteronyssinus. IgE sensitization was evaluated by intraepidermal tests. Exposure to insects in houses was evaluated using traps for crawling and flying insects. Results: A total amount of 186 patients were included; 73 (39.2%) of them were sensitized to an insect (cockroaches: 21%, mosquitoes: 29%, ants: 26,3%), 71 (97.2%) also had sensitization to mites. Of the 148 patients sensitized to mites, only 47.9% were sensitized to an insect. In total, 104 houses were evaluated: 74% had cockroaches, 22% ants, and 52% mosquitoes. Among insect-sensitized patients, the number of insects at home was directly related to the size of the weal generated during the skin test: Cockroaches, r=0.781, p<0.001; mosquitoes, r=0.811, p<0.001, and ants, r=0.840, p<0.001. Conclusion: Sensitization to insects is frequent in allergic populations of the tropics and is strongly associated with sensitization to mites.
螨虫是热带地区重要的过敏原来源。该地区普遍存在的其他潜在过敏原来源，如昆虫，尚未得到充分研究。目的：确定接触蟑螂、蚊子、蚂蚁与过敏致敏之间的关系以及与螨虫致敏的相互作用。材料和方法：我们纳入了对德国小蠊、埃及伊蚊、红火蚁、热带无爪螨、粉尘螨和屋尘螨进行过敏测试的患者。通过表皮内试验评估IgE致敏情况。使用捕捉爬行和飞行昆虫的陷阱评估房屋内昆虫的接触情况。结果：共纳入186例患者；其中73例（39.2%）对某种昆虫致敏（蟑螂：21%，蚊子：29%，蚂蚁：26.3%），71例（97.2%）也对螨虫致敏。在148例对螨虫致敏的患者中，只有47.9%对昆虫致敏。总共评估了104所房屋：74%有蟑螂，22%有蚂蚁，52%有蚊子。在对昆虫致敏的患者中，家中昆虫数量与皮肤试验期间产生的风团大小直接相关：蟑螂，r = 0.781，p < 0.001；蚊子，r = 0.811，p < 0.001，蚂蚁，r = 0.840，p < 0.001。结论：在热带地区的过敏人群中，对昆虫的致敏很常见，并且与对螨虫的致敏密切相关。
