Grupo de Geografía Física y Medio Ambiente, Instituto de Oceanografía y Cambio Global, IOCAG, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, ULPGC, Spain.
Department of Geography, Edge Hill University, UK.
Sci Total Environ. 2019 Feb 10;650(Pt 1):73-86. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.429. Epub 2018 Aug 31.
Urban and tourist developments can have long-lasting impacts on coastal environments and fundamentally alter the evolution of coastal dune systems. This is the case of the Maspalomas dunefield (Gran Canaria, Canary Islands), hosting one of the largest tourist resorts in Spain. The resort was built on top of a sedimentary terrace at 25 m above sea level (El Inglés) in the 1960s, and has subsequently affected local winds and therefore aeolian sediment transport patterns. Buildings on the terrace deflect the winds to the south of the dunefield, where the rate of sediment transport accelerated. A shadow zone appeared to the lee side of the resort with a consequent decrease in wind speed and aeolian sediment transport and an increase in vegetation cover. In this paper, first we characterize the environmental changes around El Inglés terrace in recent decades, and describe the changes in the shadow zone through an analysis of the evolution of sedimentary volumes and vegetation characteristics (density, spatial patterns, and plants communities). A series of historical aerial photographs, recent orthophotos and digital elevation models obtained by digital photogrammetry and LiDAR, as well as fieldwork were used to characterize plant communities and spatial-temporal changes in erosive landforms. Results show changes in the pattern and migration rates of dunes located at the southern edge of the urbanization, as well as the formation of blowouts and large deflation areas, where the vegetation increases in density and number of plant communities. We discuss eco-anthropogenic factors that have produced these environmental changes.
城市和旅游开发会对沿海环境产生持久影响，并从根本上改变沿海沙丘系统的演化。大加那利岛的马斯帕洛马斯沙丘（Maspalomas dunefield）就是这种情况，它拥有西班牙最大的度假胜地之一。该度假胜地于 20 世纪 60 年代建在海拔 25 米的沉积阶地上（El Inglés），此后影响了当地的风和因此的风沙输运模式。阶地上的建筑物将风转向沙丘的南侧，导致风沙输运加速。度假胜地背风侧出现了阴影区，导致风速降低、风沙输运减少和植被覆盖增加。在本文中，我们首先描述了 El Inglés 阶地周围环境在近几十年的变化，并通过分析沉积体积和植被特征（密度、空间格局和植物群落）的演变来描述阴影区的变化。我们使用了一系列历史航空照片、最近的正射影像以及通过数字摄影测量和 LiDAR 获得的数字高程模型，以及实地考察，来描述植物群落和侵蚀地貌的时空变化。结果表明，位于城市化南部边缘的沙丘的形态和迁移率发生了变化，形成了吹蚀口和大型风蚀区，植被密度和植物群落数量增加。我们讨论了产生这些环境变化的生态人为因素。
