Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Grenoble University Hospital, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 09, France.
U1216, INSERM, GIN, Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2019 Aug 1;9(8):a034199. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a034199.
The vagus nerve, a key component of the cross-communication between the gut and the brain, is a major element of homeostasis sensing the "milieu intérieur" and boosting the nervous and endocrine responses to maintain the gastrointestinal health status. This nerve has anti-inflammatory properties regulating the gut through the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the release of cortisol and through a vagovagal reflex, which has an anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) effect called the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Stimulating this nerve is an interesting tool as a nondrug therapy for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases in which brain-gut communication is dysfunctional, such as inflammatory bowel disorders and others. This review presents the rationale of vagal gastrointestinal physiology and diseases and the most recent advances in vagus nerve stimulation. It also highlights the main issues to be addressed in the future to improve this bioelectronic therapy for gastrointestinal disorders.
迷走神经是肠道和大脑之间交叉通讯的关键组成部分，是感知“内环境”并增强神经和内分泌反应以维持胃肠道健康状态的主要因素。该神经具有抗炎特性，通过激活下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴和释放皮质醇以及通过迷走神经反射来调节肠道，迷走神经反射具有抗肿瘤坏死因子 (TNF) 的作用，称为胆碱能抗炎途径。刺激这条神经是一种有趣的非药物治疗方法，可用于治疗肠道-大脑通讯功能障碍的胃肠道疾病，如炎症性肠病等。本文综述了迷走神经胃肠生理学和疾病的基本原理以及迷走神经刺激的最新进展。本文还强调了未来需要解决的主要问题，以改善这种用于胃肠道疾病的生物电子治疗方法。
