Department of Transcription and Cell Signaling, Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Charles University Prague, 12108 Prague, Czech Republic.
Third Department of Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University Prague and University Hospital Motol, 15006 Prague, Czech Republic.
Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Sep 10;19(9):2682. doi: 10.3390/ijms19092682.
The sonic Hedgehog/GLI signaling pathway (HH) is critical for maintaining tissue polarity in development and contributes to tumor stemness. Transcription factors GLI1⁻3 are the downstream effectors of HH and activate oncogenic targets. To explore the completeness of the expression of HH components in tumor cells, we performed a screen for all HH proteins in a wide spectrum of 56 tumor cell lines of various origin using Western blot analysis. Generally, all HH proteins were expressed. Important factors GLI1 and GLI2 were always expressed, only exceptionally one of them was lowered, suggesting the functionality of HH in all tumors tested. We determined the effect of a GLI inhibitor GANT61 on proliferation in 16 chosen cell lines. More than half of tumor cells were sensitive to GANT61 to various extents. GANT61 killed the sensitive cells through apoptosis. The inhibition of reporter activity containing 12xGLI consensus sites by GANT61 and cyclopamine roughly correlated with cell proliferation influenced by GANT61. Our results recognize the sensitivity of tumor cell types to GANT61 in cell culture and support a critical role for GLI factors in tumor progression through restraining apoptosis. The use of GANT61 in combined targeted therapy of sensitive tumors, such as melanomas, seems to be immensely helpful.
Hedgehog/GLI 信号通路(HH)在维持发育过程中的组织极性方面起着至关重要的作用,并有助于肿瘤干细胞特性。转录因子 GLI1⁻3 是 HH 的下游效应物,可激活致癌靶标。为了探索 HH 成分在肿瘤细胞中的表达完整性,我们使用 Western blot 分析对来自不同来源的 56 种肿瘤细胞系进行了 HH 所有蛋白的筛选。通常,所有 HH 蛋白都有表达。重要的因子 GLI1 和 GLI2 总是表达,只有偶尔会降低其中之一,这表明在所测试的所有肿瘤中 HH 都具有功能。我们确定了 GLI 抑制剂 GANT61 对 16 种选定细胞系增殖的影响。超过一半的肿瘤细胞对 GANT61 具有不同程度的敏感性。GANT61 通过细胞凋亡杀死敏感细胞。GANT61 和 cyclopamine 对含有 12xGLI 共有序列的报告基因活性的抑制与 GANT61 对细胞增殖的影响大致相关。我们的结果承认肿瘤细胞类型在细胞培养中对 GANT61 的敏感性,并通过抑制细胞凋亡支持 GLI 因子在肿瘤进展中的关键作用。在对黑色素瘤等敏感肿瘤的联合靶向治疗中使用 GANT61 似乎非常有帮助。