Les Ophtalmologistes Associés de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.
Department of Ophthalmology, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
Br J Ophthalmol. 2019 Jul;103(7):863-870. doi: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-312068. Epub 2018 Sep 12.
To assess the prevalence and causes of vision impairment in North Africa and the Middle East (NAME) from 1990 to 2015 and to forecast projections for 2020.
Based on a systematic review of medical literature, the prevalence of blindness (presenting visual acuity (PVA) <3/60 in the better eye), moderate and severe vision impairment (MSVI; PVA <6/18 but ≥3/60) and mild vision impairment (PVA <6/12 but ≥6/18) was estimated for 2015 and 2020.
The age-standardised prevalence of blindness and MSVI for all ages and genders decreased from 1990 to 2015, from 1.72 (0.53-3.13) to 0.95% (0.32%-1.71%), and from 6.66 (3.09-10.69) to 4.62% (2.21%-7.33%), respectively, with slightly higher figures for women than men. Cataract was the most common cause of blindness in 1990 and 2015, followed by uncorrected refractive error. Uncorrected refractive error was the leading cause of MSVI in the NAME region in 1990 and 2015, followed by cataract. A reduction in the proportions of blindness and MSVI due to cataract, corneal opacity and trachoma is predicted by 2020. Conversely, an increase in the proportion of blindness attributable to uncorrected refractive error, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy is expected.
In 2015 cataract and uncorrected refractive error were the major causes of vision loss in the NAME region. Proportions of vision impairment from cataract, corneal opacity and trachoma are expected to decrease by 2020, and those from uncorrected refractive error, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration are predicted to increase by 2020.
评估 1990 年至 2015 年北非和中东（NAME）地区视力障碍的患病率和病因，并预测 2020 年的预测结果。
基于对医学文献的系统回顾，估计了 2015 年和 2020 年所有年龄段和性别的盲（最佳眼视力（PVA）<3/60）、中重度视力障碍（MSVI；PVA<6/18 但≥3/60）和轻度视力障碍（PVA<6/12 但≥6/18）的患病率。
1990 年至 2015 年，所有年龄段和性别的年龄标准化盲和 MSVI 患病率均有所下降，从 1.72%（0.53%-3.13%）降至 0.95%（0.32%-1.71%），从 6.66%（3.09%-10.69%）降至 4.62%（2.21%-7.33%），女性的数字略高于男性。白内障是 1990 年和 2015 年盲的最常见原因，其次是未矫正屈光不正。1990 年和 2015 年，未矫正屈光不正仍是 NAME 地区 MSVI 的主要原因，其次是白内障。到 2020 年，预计由于白内障、角膜混浊和沙眼导致的失明和 MSVI 比例将会下降。相反，预计由于未矫正屈光不正、青光眼、年龄相关性黄斑变性和糖尿病性视网膜病变导致的失明比例将会增加。
2015 年，白内障和未矫正屈光不正仍是 NAME 地区视力丧失的主要原因。预计到 2020 年，白内障、角膜混浊和沙眼导致的视力障碍比例将会下降，而未矫正屈光不正、青光眼、糖尿病性视网膜病变和年龄相关性黄斑变性导致的视力障碍比例将会增加。
