美国重症监护病房护理技术效率的相关组织因素
Organizational Factors Associated With Technical Efficiency of Nursing Care in US Intensive Care Units.
作者信息
Min Ari, Scott Linda D, Park Chang, Vincent Catherine, Ryan Catherine J
机构信息
Yonsei University College of Nursing, Seoul, South Korea (Dr Min); School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison (Dr Scott); and University of Illinois at Chicago College of Nursing, Chicago (Drs Park, Vincent, and Ryan).
出版信息
J Nurs Care Qual. 2019 Jul/Sep;34(3):242-249. doi: 10.1097/NCQ.0000000000000362.
BACKGROUND
Few studies have evaluated technical efficiency of nursing care, and no such studies have been conducted in intensive care units (ICUs).
PURPOSE
To explore relative technical efficiency of US ICUs and identify organizational factors associated with efficiency in providing quality of nursing care.
METHODS
A total of 404 adult ICUs from the 2014 National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators were included. Data envelopment analysis was used to estimate technical efficiency, and multilevel modeling was employed to determine effects of organizational factors on efficiency.
RESULTS
Nurse-to-patient ratio showed the strongest positive correlation with technical efficiency. Units in non-Magnet and small-size hospitals had higher technical efficiency than those in Magnet and medium- or large-size hospitals.
CONCLUSIONS
A higher nurse-to-patient ratio greatly improved technical efficiency of nursing care in ICUs and the effect differed between hospitals. Administrators and policy makers can translate the study findings into management strategies to provide efficient nursing care in ICUs.
背景
很少有研究评估护理的技术效率，重症监护病房（ICU）尚未开展此类研究。
目的
探讨美国重症监护病房的相对技术效率，并确定与提供优质护理服务效率相关的组织因素。
方法
纳入2014年国家护理质量指标数据库中的404个成人重症监护病房。采用数据包络分析来估计技术效率，并采用多水平模型来确定组织因素对效率的影响。
结果
护士与患者的比例与技术效率呈现出最强的正相关。非磁石医院和小型医院的科室比磁石医院以及中型或大型医院的科室具有更高的技术效率。
结论
较高的护士与患者比例极大地提高了重症监护病房护理的技术效率，且不同医院之间效果存在差异。管理人员和政策制定者可将研究结果转化为管理策略，以在重症监护病房提供高效的护理服务。
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