Ilham Kurnia, Nurdin Jabang, Tsuji Yamato
Department of Biology, Andalas University, Padang, Indonesia.
Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan.
Folia Primatol (Basel). 2018;89(5):347-356. doi: 10.1159/000491790. Epub 2018 Sep 11.
We studied the behavioral ecology of provisioned long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia, to examine how temporal changes in food provisioning within a day affect macaque activity. We conducted a field survey from October 2015 to January 2016 at two different sites: Gunung Meru (GM) and Gunung Padang (GP), where macaques receive high and low provisioning, respectively. The time budgets of macaques significantly differed between study groups. At GM, macaques spent more time resting, feeding, acting out agonistic behaviors, and less time moving and searching for food, than the macaques at GP. Diurnal activity patterns significantly changed within a day. The short-term change in activity of the macaques was closely related to the number of tourists: they spent a greater time feeding and searching when more tourists came to feed the monkeys, while time for grooming decreased. Our result showed that the ability of the macaques to adjust their activity in response to the number of tourists (that is, provisioning patterns) indicated their behavioral flexibility. Our result may aid the management strategies to reduce human-macaque conflicts, which has become a major problem in Padang.
我们研究了印度尼西亚西苏门答腊省巴东地区接受食物供应的长尾猕猴（食蟹猴）的行为生态学，以考察一天内食物供应的时间变化如何影响猕猴的活动。2015年10月至2016年1月，我们在两个不同地点进行了实地调查：默鲁山（GM）和巴东山（GP），在这两个地方，猕猴分别接受大量和少量的食物供应。研究组之间猕猴的时间分配存在显著差异。与GP的猕猴相比，GM的猕猴休息、进食、表现出攻击行为的时间更多，而移动和觅食的时间更少。猕猴的昼夜活动模式在一天内有显著变化。猕猴活动的短期变化与游客数量密切相关：当更多游客来喂猴子时，它们花费更多时间进食和觅食，而梳理毛发的时间减少。我们的结果表明，猕猴根据游客数量（即食物供应模式）调整活动的能力表明了它们的行为灵活性。我们的结果可能有助于制定减少人猴冲突的管理策略，人猴冲突已成为巴东的一个主要问题。
