Technical University of Munich, Wildlife Biology and Management Unit, Freising, Germany.
PLoS One. 2018 Sep 17;13(9):e0202443. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202443. eCollection 2018.
In several countries in northwestern Europe, the number of resident greylag geese (Anser anser) has increased by up to 20% a year over the last few decades. The increasing numbers of geese are causing problems in tourism and agriculture. The number of resident greylag geese visiting the Altmuehlsee lake, a recreational area in the south of Germany, has also increased, especially in June and July. However, the geese leave the lake again at the beginning of August. 30 adult greylag geese were banded with telemetry transmitters during molting at the Altmuehlsee lake to determine when the geese leave the lake in August and what structures they need in their winter habitat. The distances the greylag geese flew from their resting sites to foraging sites were calculated, as well as the size of their home ranges and the proportions of each habitat type in the home range. It was found that the greylag geese used small home ranges while rearing their young, and fed close to the water. After molting, the size of their home ranges increased. They fed on fields and meadows around the lake. In the winter habitat, the geese also had a small home range, and they preferred eating grain and corn and the availability of an open body of water. In addition, one group of geese remained in the city of Munich during the winter, benefiting from supplementary food from people. This information helps us to understand the different requirements of resident greylag geese. It can be used to inform management decisions aimed at preventing agricultural damage. Special goose areas can for example be designated for the different periods in a goose's life cycle.
在过去几十年中，西北欧的几个国家的灰雁（Anser anser）居留种群数量每年增加了多达 20%。不断增加的鹅群数量给旅游业和农业带来了问题。德国南部休闲区阿尔特米尔湖（Altmuehlsee lake）的居留灰雁数量也有所增加，尤其是在 6 月和 7 月。然而，鹅群会在 8 月初再次离开湖泊。在阿尔特米尔湖，有 30 只成年灰雁在换羽期间被戴上了带有遥测发射器的项圈，以确定它们在 8 月何时离开湖泊，以及它们在冬季栖息地需要什么结构。计算了灰雁从休息地到觅食地的飞行距离，以及它们的巢区大小和巢区中每种栖息地类型的比例。研究发现，灰雁在育雏期间使用较小的巢区，并靠近水源觅食。换羽后，它们的巢区范围扩大。它们在湖泊周围的田地和草地上觅食。在冬季栖息地，鹅群的巢区也较小，它们更喜欢吃谷物和玉米，以及开阔水面的存在。此外，一群鹅在冬季留在慕尼黑市，受益于人类提供的补充食物。这些信息有助于我们了解灰雁居留种群的不同需求。可以将其用于通知旨在防止农业损害的管理决策。例如，可以为鹅的不同生命周期阶段指定特殊的鹅区。
