建筑行业中接受调查的工人和管理人员对工效学计划的认知与看法。

Sneller Timothy N, Choi Sang D, Ahn Kwangseog

Department of Occupational & Environmental Safety & Health, University of Wisconsin - Whitewater, Whitewater, WI, USA.

Work. 2018;61(1):41-54. doi: 10.3233/WOR-182778.

BACKGROUND

Work-related musculoskeletal injuries and disorders (WMSDs) are among the most frequently reported causes of lost or restricted work time in the construction industry. Ergonomics is still a relatively new theme for the construction industry. Understanding of the workers' and managers' knowledge and perception of ergonomic issues in construction can play a critical role to develop and implement effective ergonomic programs and policies.

OBJECTIVE

To study the similarities and differences of the workers' and managers' knowledge and perceptions of ergonomics matters in the construction industry.

METHODS

A survey questionnaire was developed and distributed to both workers and management personnel employed by sixteen different construction contractors performing various types of construction work. The final questionnaire comprised of a total of forty questions and consisted of four major sections: background, safety and ergonomic programs, injuries and illnesses, and work conditions.

RESULTS

Eighty-eight workers and managers completed the survey questionnaire. Nearly all of their employer had a written safety program, while only one third had an ergonomics program. Ergonomics was perceived as relatively less important compared to the safety issues. Managers were more likely to think that management encourages feedback from site employees than were workers. Managers appeared to be more likely to know that their companies have an ergonomic training program or policy than were workers. Workers were more likely to consider to purchase or select the ergonomic hand tools than were managers. Workers and managers alike reported having slight regard for the potential occurrence of a work-related musculoskeletal disorder.

CONCLUSIONS

While the construction industry has done an admirable job developing safety programs, it has done far less to develop comprehensive ergonomic programs and policies that would help provide education and guidance to its workers and managers in the industry.

背景

与工作相关的肌肉骨骼损伤和疾病（WMSDs）是建筑业中报告的导致工作时间损失或受限的最常见原因之一。人机工程学对于建筑业来说仍是一个相对较新的主题。了解工人和管理人员对建筑行业人机工程学问题的知识和认知，对于制定和实施有效的人机工程学计划及政策可能起到关键作用。

目的

研究建筑行业中工人和管理人员在人机工程学问题上的知识和认知的异同。

方法

设计了一份调查问卷，并分发给16家从事各类建筑工作的不同建筑承包商所雇佣的工人和管理人员。最终问卷共有40个问题，分为四个主要部分：背景、安全和人机工程学计划、伤病情况以及工作条件。

结果

88名工人和管理人员完成了调查问卷。几乎所有受访者的雇主都有书面安全计划，而只有三分之一的雇主有人机工程学计划。与安全问题相比，人机工程学被认为相对不那么重要。管理人员比工人更倾向于认为管理层鼓励现场员工提供反馈。管理人员似乎比工人更有可能知道他们的公司有一个人机工程学培训计划或政策。与管理人员相比，工人更有可能考虑购买或选择人机工程学手工工具。工人和管理人员都表示对与工作相关的肌肉骨骼疾病的潜在发生不太重视。