乌干达老年人中艾滋病病毒感染状况知晓率的相关因素：一项全国代表性调查的结果。
Correlates of HIV status awareness among older adults in Uganda: results from a nationally representative survey.
机构信息
MakSPH-CDC Fellowship Program, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda.
Department of Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, Makerere University School of Public Health, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2018 Sep 17;18(1):1128. doi: 10.1186/s12889-018-6027-z.
BACKGROUND
Recent evidence suggests that HIV prevalence is generally higher among older than younger persons. However, few studies have explored issues regarding HIV testing and awareness of HIV status among older persons. We explored the correlates of HIV status awareness among older adults (aged 45+ years) in Uganda.
METHODS
This paper is based on secondary analysis of existing data on persons aged between 45 and 59 years from a nationally representative Uganda AIDS Indicator Survey which was conducted between February and September 2011. Records on the socio-demographics and HIV/AIDS-specific indicators for 2472 persons were extracted for analysis. Individuals were considered to be aware of their HIV status if they reported that they had tested and received their HIV test results within the past 12 months. Data analyses were done using the sample survey procedures to take into account the sampling structure of the data. Odds ratios were used to quantify the associations between receipt of HIV test results and potential factors.
RESULTS
Of the 2472 respondents, 48% had ever tested and received their HIV test results while 23% tested and received their HIV results in the past 12 months or already knew that they are HIV positive. Individuals with the following characteristics had higher odds of being aware of their HIV status: being female (adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 1.26; 95% CI: (1.04, 1.53), having high comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS (AOR = 1.28; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.58), having attended secondary school education (AOR = 2.10; 95% CI: 1.47, 2.99) and engagement in high risk sexual behaviors (AOR = 1.53; 95% CI: (1.11, 2.10). A high level of stigma (holding at least three stigmatizing attitudes toward people living with HIV) was negatively correlated with awareness of HIV status (AOR =0.60; 95% CI: (0.45, 0.78).
CONCLUSION
Less than a quarter of older Ugandans are aware of their current HIV status. High levels of stigma and low comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS remained critical barriers to HIV testing and awareness of HIV status. These findings suggest a need for innovative HIV testing strategies to increase HIV status awareness among older adults in Uganda.
背景
最近的证据表明，艾滋病毒的流行率在老年人中普遍高于年轻人。然而，很少有研究探讨老年人的艾滋病毒检测和艾滋病毒状况意识问题。我们探讨了乌干达 45 岁以上老年人（45 岁及以上）的艾滋病毒状况意识的相关因素。
方法
本文基于 2011 年 2 月至 9 月期间在全国具有代表性的乌干达艾滋病指标调查中对 45 至 59 岁人群进行的二次分析。对 2472 名个人的社会人口统计学和艾滋病毒/艾滋病特定指标记录进行了提取和分析。如果报告他们在过去 12 个月内进行了艾滋病毒检测并收到了艾滋病毒检测结果，则认为个人知晓自己的艾滋病毒状况。使用样本调查程序进行数据分析，以考虑数据的抽样结构。使用优势比来量化接受艾滋病毒检测结果与潜在因素之间的关联。
结果
在 2472 名受访者中，48%的人曾经接受过艾滋病毒检测并收到了检测结果，而 23%的人在过去 12 个月内接受了艾滋病毒检测并收到了检测结果，或者已经知道自己患有艾滋病毒。具有以下特征的个体更有可能知晓自己的艾滋病毒状况：女性（调整后的优势比（AOR）=1.26；95%置信区间（CI）：（1.04，1.53）），对艾滋病毒/艾滋病有较高的综合认识（AOR=1.28；95%CI：1.04，1.58），接受过中学教育（AOR=2.10；95%CI：1.47，2.99）和从事高风险性行为（AOR=1.53；95%CI：（1.11，2.10）。高度污名化（持有至少三种对艾滋病毒感染者的污名化态度）与艾滋病毒状况意识呈负相关（AOR=0.60；95%CI：（0.45，0.78）。
结论
乌干达不到四分之一的老年人知晓自己的艾滋病毒状况。高水平的污名化和对艾滋病毒/艾滋病的综合知识水平低仍然是艾滋病毒检测和艾滋病毒状况意识的关键障碍。这些发现表明，乌干达需要创新的艾滋病毒检测策略，以提高老年人的艾滋病毒状况意识。
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