University of Rostock, Institute of Biological Sciences, Marine Biology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3, D-18059, Rostock, Germany.
University of Rostock, Institute of Biological Sciences, Marine Biology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3, D-18059, Rostock, Germany.
Mar Environ Res. 2018 Oct;141:214-224. doi: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.09.013. Epub 2018 Sep 11.
the animal-induced exchange of solutes between pore water and overlying water - is a key process in sediments with profound implications for biogeochemical processes such as nutrient cycling and organic matter regeneration at the sediment water interface. There is an urgent need to understand how a changing environment will affect the irrigation activity of macrofauna and vice versa. A shift in species composition (e.g. from deep burrowing species to smaller, more opportunistic and shallow burrowing species) will have large effects on bioirrigation and thus on ecosystem function (such as benthic pelagic coupling). Considering the difficulties to determine area-covering rates of bioirrigation (e.g. in terms tracer-based fluxes) and the complexity of interactions of multiple species in the community that prohibit a direct measure of bioirrigation attributable to each species, a mechanistically-based approach is needed to predict relative intensities of bioirrigation activity based on the fundamental functional traits. We propose a conceptual framework to develop an index of bioirrigation that takes into account the biological mechanisms of bioirrigation and provides a simplified, yet functionally based approach to quantify the bioirrigation potential of benthic communities. We developed the community bioirrigation potential (BIP) that provides a biomass- and abundance-weighted scoring system considering functional traits related to pore water and solute exchange. It may be used as a supplement to established methods to assess the function of marine soft sediments related bioirrigation. In analogy to the particle-related community bioturbation potential of Solan et al. (2004), context dependent organismal traits that affect ventilation and bioirrigation (feeding type, morphology of burrows, and burrowing depth) are combined with the data on abundance and biomass of the respective species. These are subsequently summed up to a community bioirrigation potential (BIP). This review considers ecological traits relevant for bioirrigation and their classification into a bioirrigation index. Furthermore the necessary simplifications in the index (e.g. limiting its applicability to interfacial nutrient fluxes) are discussed. We also provide a working example from the southwestern Baltic Sea to illustrate the practical application of the index and a compilation of key species related to this area containing their classification into the considered bioirrigation traits.
动物在孔隙水和上覆水之间引起的溶质交换——是沉积物中关键的生物地球化学过程，对营养循环和有机物质在沉积物-水界面的再生等过程有深远的影响。目前迫切需要了解环境变化将如何影响大型动物的灌溉活动，反之亦然。物种组成的变化（例如，从深穴居物种转变为更小、更具机会主义和浅层穴居物种）将对生物搅动以及对生态系统功能（如底栖-浮游耦合）产生重大影响。考虑到确定生物搅动面积覆盖率的困难（例如，基于示踪剂通量）以及社区中多种物种相互作用的复杂性，禁止直接测量归因于每种物种的生物搅动，因此需要一种基于机制的方法来预测生物搅动活动的相对强度根据基本功能特征。我们提出了一个概念框架，以开发一种生物搅动指数，该指数考虑了生物搅动的生物学机制，并提供了一种简化但基于功能的方法来量化底栖群落的生物搅动潜力。我们开发了社区生物搅动潜力（BIP），该指数考虑了与孔隙水和溶质交换相关的功能特征，为生物量和丰度加权评分系统提供了一个评分系统。它可以用作评估与海洋软沉积物相关生物搅动功能的现有方法的补充。与 Solan 等人的颗粒相关社区生物搅动潜力（2004 年）类似，受通风和生物搅动影响的与上下文相关的生物体特征（摄食类型、洞穴形态和挖掘深度）与各自物种的丰度和生物量数据相结合。这些随后被汇总到社区生物搅动潜力（BIP）中。本综述考虑了与生物搅动相关的生态特征及其分类为生物搅动指数。此外，还讨论了指数中的必要简化（例如，将其应用范围限制在界面养分通量）。我们还提供了来自西南波罗的海的一个实际示例，说明了该指数的实际应用，并对与该地区相关的关键物种进行了分类，包括其在考虑的生物搅动特征中的分类。
