School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia.
Analyst. 2018 Oct 8;143(20):4802-4818. doi: 10.1039/c8an01348a.
DNA methylation is one of the significant epigenetic modifications involved in mammalian development as well as in the initiation and progression of various diseases like cancer. Over the past few decades, an enormous amount of research has been carried out for the quantification of DNA methylation in the mammalian genome. Earlier, most of these methodologies used bisulfite treatment. However, the low conversion, false reading, longer assay time and complex chemical reaction are the common limitations of this method that hinder their application in routine clinical screening. Thus, as an alternative to bisulfite conversion-based DNA methylation detection, numerous bisulfite-free methods have been proposed. In this regard, electrochemical biosensors have gained much attention in recent years for being highly sensitive yet cost-effective, portable, and simple to operate. On the other hand, biosensors with optical readouts enable direct real time detection of biological molecules and are easily adaptable to multiplexing. Incorporation of electrochemical and optical readouts into bisulfite free DNA methylation analysis is paving the way for the translation of this important biomarker into standard patient care. In this review, we provide a critical overview of recent advances in the development of electrochemical and optical readout based bisulfite free DNA methylation assays.
DNA 甲基化是哺乳动物发育以及癌症等各种疾病发生和进展过程中涉及的重要表观遗传修饰之一。在过去的几十年中，已经进行了大量的研究来定量检测哺乳动物基因组中的 DNA 甲基化。早期，这些方法中的大多数都使用亚硫酸氢盐处理。然而，这种方法存在低转化率、误读、较长的检测时间和复杂的化学反应等常见局限性，限制了其在常规临床筛查中的应用。因此，作为基于亚硫酸氢盐转化的 DNA 甲基化检测的替代方法，已经提出了许多无亚硫酸氢盐的方法。在这方面，电化学生物传感器近年来因其高灵敏度、成本效益高、便携和易于操作而受到广泛关注。另一方面，具有光学读出功能的生物传感器能够直接实时检测生物分子，并且易于进行多重检测。将电化学和光学读出功能整合到无亚硫酸氢盐的 DNA 甲基化分析中，为将这一重要生物标志物转化为标准的患者护理铺平了道路。在这篇综述中，我们对基于电化学和光学读出的无亚硫酸氢盐 DNA 甲基化分析方法的最新进展进行了批判性的综述。
