Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2018 Sep 18;13(9):e0204090. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204090. eCollection 2018.
Although N is beneficial and essential for life, it is also a common atmospheric pollutant as nitrous oxide (N2O) and ammonia (NH3)-contributed largely from N fertilization. Polymer-coated urea (PCU) fertilizer is a promising controlled release fertilizer that provides improved N-release timing. Glasshouse studies were conducted to compare N2O and NH3 emissions from PCU and uncoated urea to an untreated control utilizing a non-static, non-flow-through chamber in conjunction with photoacoustic infrared spectroscopy (PAIRS) for gas collection and analysis. Three short-term 20-Day Studies with sand, sandy loam, and loam soils and a full-term 45-Day Study with loam soil were completed. Volatilization of NH3 was reduced by 72% and 22% in the sandy loam and loam soils, respectively, in two of the short-term studies and by 14% in the loam in the full-term study. Evolution of N2O was reduced by 42% and 63% in the sandy loam and loam soils of the short-term studies and by 99% in the loam soil of the full-term study. No differences were observed in the sand soil. Overall, PCU decreased gaseous losses of N following fertilization while providing a steady supply of N to the plant. Higher temporal resolution was observed with the PAIRS instrumentation as compared to what is typically reported and, as such, we recommend PAIRS analysis as a viable method for studying N gas emissions.
尽管氮是生命所必需的有益元素，但它也是一种常见的大气污染物，如氧化亚氮（N2O）和氨（NH3）——主要来自氮肥。聚合物包膜尿素（PCU）是一种很有前途的控释肥料，它提供了改善的氮释放时间。利用非静态、非流通室结合光声红外光谱（PAIRS）进行气体收集和分析，在温室中进行了比较 PCU 和未包膜尿素与未处理对照之间 N2O 和 NH3 排放的研究。完成了三个短期 20 天的沙质壤土、壤土和壤土土壤研究和一个长期 45 天的壤土土壤研究。在两个短期研究中，氨的挥发分别减少了 72%和 22%，在短期研究中，在壤土中减少了 14%。在短期研究中，N2O 的演化分别减少了 42%和 63%，在长期研究中，在壤土中减少了 99%。在沙土中没有观察到差异。总的来说，PCU 减少了施肥后气态氮的损失，同时为植物提供了稳定的氮供应。与通常报道的相比，PAIRS 仪器具有更高的时间分辨率，因此我们建议将 PAIRS 分析作为研究 N 气体排放的可行方法。
