Sharma Rekha, Ahlawat Sonika, Aggarwal R A K, Dua Ajit, Sharma Vivek, Tantia M S
ICAR- National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, Haryana 132 001 India.
Punjab Biotechnology Incubator, Mohali, Punjab 160 059 India.
J Food Sci Technol. 2018 Oct;55(10):4232-4243. doi: 10.1007/s13197-018-3360-2. Epub 2018 Aug 11.
This study was planned to identify differences in the milk metabolite composition of Indian (Sahiwal), exotic (Holstein-Friesian) and their crossbred cows in intensive system of management. To mimic the management system of ancient India, indigenous cattle under extensive system (zero input) were also included. Holstein-Friesian (HF) had significantly higher amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA, 76.3%) as compared to the crossbred (73.3%) and Sahiwal (68.0%). HF had the highest concentration (42.7%) of hypercholesterolemic fatty acids and the maximum value (68.5) of athrogenecity index (AI). Sahiwal had the highest proportion (32.1%) of total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA). Mineral, vitamin, n-3 fatty acids and total amount of essential amino acids did not vary across the three groups. Milk of indigenous cattle maintained only on grazing had more favorable nutrient profile. It had low SFA (61.4%), high UFA (38.6%) and higher concentrations of both monounsaturated fatty acids (31.4%) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (7.2%). The n-6/n-3 ratio (2.7) and the AI (33.9) were significantly lower. Significantly higher concentrations of minerals (Zn, Fe, P and Cu) and vitamins except vitamin B5 were recorded in their milk. The study revealed that milk metabolite characteristics can be used to promote indigenous cattle.
本研究旨在确定在集约化管理系统中，印度本土品种（萨希瓦尔牛）、外来品种（荷斯坦 - 弗里生牛）及其杂交母牛的乳代谢产物组成差异。为模拟古印度的管理系统，还纳入了粗放式管理系统（零投入）下的本土牛。与杂交牛（73.3%）和萨希瓦尔牛（68.0%）相比，荷斯坦 - 弗里生牛的饱和脂肪酸含量显著更高（76.3%）。荷斯坦 - 弗里生牛的高胆固醇脂肪酸浓度最高（42.7%），致动脉粥样化指数（AI）最大值为68.5）。萨希瓦尔牛的总不饱和脂肪酸（UFA）比例最高（32.1%）。三组牛的矿物质、维生素、n - 3脂肪酸和必需氨基酸总量没有差异。仅靠放牧饲养的本土牛的奶具有更有利的营养成分。其饱和脂肪酸含量低（61.4%），不饱和脂肪酸含量高（38.6%），单不饱和脂肪酸（31.4%）和多不饱和脂肪酸（7.2%）浓度均更高。n - 6/n - 3比例（2.7）和AI（33.9）显著更低。其奶中矿物质（锌、铁、磷和铜）和除维生素B5外的维生素浓度显著更高。该研究表明，乳代谢产物特征可用于推广本土牛。
