[不同肥料处理的菠菜田氨气和一氧化氮排放]

[Emission of NH and NO from Spinach Field Treated with Different Fertilizers].

作者信息

Shan Nan, Han Sheng-Hui, Liu Ji-Pei, Chen Qing, Yuan Yu-Ling, Wang Li-Gang, Li Hu

机构信息

College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.

Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.

出版信息

Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2018 Oct 8;39(10):4705-4716. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201803005.

Abstract

Agricultural management techniques such as fertilizer or manure application have substantial influence on NH and NO emissions and, by understanding this influence, management strategies can be developed to reduce them. An experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at Hunan Agricultural University during 2012 to 2013, to investigate effects of different fertilizers on NH and NO emissions. The treatments included control without fertilizer (CK), swine composting fertilizer (SC), stored swine manure fertilizer (SS), and chemical fertilizer (FC). The fluxes of NH and NO were collected by venting method and static-chamber method, respectively. The results showed that during the spinach growth season, compared with FC, loss of both NH and NO for SC were reduced by 52.9% and 95.12%, respectively(<0.01). However, loss of NH for SS increased by 24.8%, and loss of NO reduced by 48.8% compared with FC. Loss rate of NH were SS (10.97%) > FC (4.19%) > SC(2.74%), and emission coefficient for NO were FC(4.50%) > SC(2.21%) > SS(0.60%). Yield and utilization of nitrogen for SC were reduced by 19.61% and 13.20% compared with FC, respectively, but not significantly; and significantly reduced by 27.9% and 40.0% compared with SS, respectively. Loss of gases (NH and NO) for SC were 1.83%, which was the lowest, while utilization of nitrogen for SC was 13.20%, similar with FC. Greenhouse temperature was not the critical factor during the spinach planting in winter, but soil water was. Therefore, optimizing manure management could reduce ammonia volatilization and NO emission loss without decreasing vegetables production, and the present data indicated that SC would be optimal for better yields with reduced ammonia volatilization and NO emission loss.

摘要

施肥或施用粪肥等农业管理技术对氨(NH)和一氧化氮(NO)排放有重大影响,通过了解这种影响,可以制定管理策略来减少排放。2012年至2013年期间,在湖南农业大学的一个温室中进行了一项实验,以研究不同肥料对NH和NO排放的影响。处理措施包括不施肥对照(CK)、猪堆肥(SC)、储存猪粪肥(SS)和化肥(FC)。分别采用通气法和静态箱法收集NH和NO的通量。结果表明,在菠菜生长季节,与FC相比,SC的NH和NO损失分别减少了52.9%和95.12%(P<0.01)。然而,与FC相比,SS的NH损失增加了24.8%,NO损失减少了48.8%。NH的损失率为SS(10.97%)>FC(4.19%)>SC(2.74%),NO的排放系数为FC(4.50%)>SC(2.21%)>SS(0.60%)。与FC相比,SC的产量和氮素利用率分别降低了19.61%和13.20%,但差异不显著;与SS相比,分别显著降低了27.9%和40.0%。SC的气体(NH和NO)损失为1.83%,是最低的,而SC的氮素利用率为13.20%,与FC相似。冬季菠菜种植期间,温室温度不是关键因素,土壤水分才是。因此,优化粪肥管理可以在不降低蔬菜产量的情况下减少氨挥发和NO排放损失,目前的数据表明,SC对于在减少氨挥发和NO排放损失的情况下实现更好的产量是最佳选择。

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