Pang Bing-Kun, Zhang Jing-Sha, Wu Jie, Li Zhi-Lin, Jiang Jing-Yan
College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2018 Jul 8;39(7):3460-3466. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201711095.
Veterinary antibiotics have been widely detected in croplands due to the application of animal excrements as fertilizer. However, their effects on ammonia (NH) volatilization remain unclear. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of sulfamethazine on NH volatilization from a paddy field when conventional synthetic fertilizer or manure was applied as basal fertilizer. Five different treatments were conducted in this study: without application of fertilizers and antibiotics (CK), compound fertilizer used as basal fertilizer with and without the addition of sulfamethazine (CF+SD and CF respectively), and pig manure used as base fertilizer with and without the addition of sulfamethazine (CM+SD and CM respectively). Urea was used for topdressing in the CF, CF+SD, CM, and CM+SD treatments. The results showed that regardless of the fertilizer type applied, sulfamethazine did not affect the seasonal pattern of NHvolatilization. However, it promoted the NH volatilization rate in the topdressing stage significantly (<0.01). During the observation period, the proportions of applied N lost as NH-N in the CF+SD and CM+SD treatments were 1.65 and 2.78 times higher than those in the CF and CM treatments, respectively. The promoting effect of sulfamethazine was more obvious in the pig manure treatment than in the compound fertilizer treatment. Sulfamethazine significantly increased the soil urease activity (<0.05). Furthermore, the NH volatilization rate was positively correlated with urease activity and soil ammonia nitrogen content (<0.05). This indicates that sulfamethazine can increase the NH volatilization rate by changing the soil urease activity and inorganic nitrogen content. Controlling the misuse of veterinary antibiotics and environmental and ecological risks posed by the antibiotic residues in farmland excrements are urgent problems in China that need to be solved.
由于将动物粪便用作肥料，农田中已广泛检测到兽用抗生素。然而，它们对氨（NH）挥发的影响仍不清楚。进行了一项田间试验，以评估磺胺二甲嘧啶在施用常规合成肥料或粪肥作为基肥时对稻田氨挥发的影响。本研究进行了五种不同处理：不施用肥料和抗生素（CK）、施用复合肥作为基肥且添加和不添加磺胺二甲嘧啶（分别为CF+SD和CF），以及施用猪粪作为基肥且添加和不添加磺胺二甲嘧啶（分别为CM+SD和CM）。CF、CF+SD、CM和CM+SD处理中均使用尿素进行追肥。结果表明，无论施用何种肥料类型，磺胺二甲嘧啶均不影响氨挥发的季节模式。然而，它显著提高了追肥阶段的氨挥发速率（<0.01）。在观察期内，CF+SD和CM+SD处理中以NH-N形式损失的施氮比例分别比CF和CM处理高1.65倍和2.78倍。磺胺二甲嘧啶在猪粪处理中的促进作用比在复合肥处理中更明显。磺胺二甲嘧啶显著提高了土壤脲酶活性（<0.05）。此外，氨挥发速率与脲酶活性和土壤氨氮含量呈正相关（<0.05）。这表明磺胺二甲嘧啶可通过改变土壤脲酶活性和无机氮含量来提高氨挥发速率。控制兽用抗生素的滥用以及农田粪便中抗生素残留所带来的环境和生态风险是中国亟待解决的问题。
