Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Addict Biol. 2019 Nov;24(6):1235-1244. doi: 10.1111/adb.12678. Epub 2018 Sep 21.
Marijuana use, which is disproportionately prevalent among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons, can alter activity in fronto-parietal regions during cognitively demanding tasks. While HIV is also associated with altered neural activation, it is not known how marijuana may further affect brain function in this population. Our study examined the independent and additive effects of HIV infection and regular marijuana use on neural activation during a cognitive interference task. The sample included 93 adults who differed on marijuana (MJ) and HIV statuses (20 MJ+/HIV+, 19 MJ+/HIV-, 29 MJ-/HIV+, 25 MJ-/HIV-). Participants completed a counting Stroop task during a functional magnetic resonance imaging scan. Main and interactive effects on neural activation during interference versus neutral blocks were examined using a mixed-effects analysis. The sample showed the expected Stroop effect for both speed and accuracy. There were main effects of MJ in the right and left inferior parietal lobules, with the left cluster extending into the posterior middle temporal gyrus and a main effect of HIV in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. There was an interaction in the left fronto-insular cortex, such that the MJ+/HIV+ group had the largest increase in activation compared with other groups. Among MJ+, signal change in this cluster correlated positively with cumulative years of regular marijuana use. These results suggest that comorbid HIV and marijuana use is associated with complex neural alterations in multiple brain regions during cognitive interference. Follow-up research is needed to determine how marijuana-related characteristics may moderate HIV neurologic disease and impact real-world functioning.
大麻的使用在艾滋病毒（HIV）感染者中尤为普遍，会改变认知任务中额顶区域的活动。虽然 HIV 也与神经激活改变有关，但尚不清楚大麻在该人群中如何进一步影响大脑功能。我们的研究考察了 HIV 感染和经常使用大麻对认知干扰任务中神经激活的独立和附加影响。该样本包括 93 名成年人，他们在大麻（MJ）和 HIV 状态上存在差异（20 名 MJ+/HIV+、19 名 MJ+/HIV-、29 名 MJ-/HIV+、25 名 MJ-/HIV-）。参与者在功能磁共振成像扫描期间完成了计数 Stroop 任务。使用混合效应分析检查干扰与中性块期间神经激活的主要和交互效应。该样本显示了速度和准确性的预期 Stroop 效应。在右和左顶下叶有大麻的主要效应，左簇延伸到后中颞叶，在背侧前扣带皮层有 HIV 的主要效应。在左额岛叶皮层有交互作用，使得 MJ+/HIV+组与其他组相比，激活增加最大。在 MJ+中，该簇的信号变化与常规大麻使用的累积年数呈正相关。这些结果表明，合并 HIV 和大麻使用与认知干扰期间多个大脑区域的复杂神经改变有关。需要进行后续研究，以确定与大麻相关的特征如何调节 HIV 神经疾病并影响现实世界的功能。
