State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China.
State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China.
Microb Pathog. 2018 Dec;125:210-218. doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.09.021. Epub 2018 Sep 19.
Noncoding RNAs play essential functions during epigenetic regulation of gene expression and development in numerous organisms. Three type of small noncoding RNAs found in eukaryotes, which are small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs) and piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs). Small RNAs (sRNAs) originated from infecting viruses are known as virus-derived small interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs), are responsible for RNA silencing in plants. However, Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is mainly dependent on RNA silencing (RNAi). Interestingly, RNA silencing happens in plants and insects during viral infections. VsiRNAs originate from dsRNA molecules which further require hosts Dicer-like (DCL) proteins, RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) proteins, and Argonaute (AGO) proteins. RdRP uses ssRNA for complete RNA amplification process as well as DCL dependent secondary vsiRNA formation. Viral Suppressors of RNA silencing (VSRs) interfere with the movement of signals during silencing mechanism. Moreover, intercellular movement of viruses is facilitated by virus-encoded movement proteins. Proteomic and Transcriptomic mechanisms regulated by specific factors like microRNAs, which has become an essential factor of gene regulation. RNAi is also involved in gene suppression by regulating the transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene expression in many eukaryotes. Rice grassy stunt virus (RGSV) is a member of genus Tenuivirus. Although, there is no much work done on RGSV, but this virus has become very potent and destructive, and effects rice crop in many Asian countries, particularly in China. In this review, we have highlighted the rice viruses' biology and silencing suppressors. This work will be helpful for plant virologists in understanding the role of vsiRNAs mechanism in rice viruses especially RGSV.
非编码 RNA 在众多生物体的表观遗传基因表达和发育调控中发挥着重要作用。真核生物中发现了三种类型的小非编码 RNA，即小干扰 RNA (siRNA)、microRNA (miRNA) 和 piwi 相互作用 RNA (piRNA)。源自感染病毒的小 RNA (sRNA) 被称为病毒衍生的小干扰 RNA (vsiRNA)，负责植物中的 RNA 沉默。然而，病毒诱导的基因沉默 (VIGS) 主要依赖于 RNA 沉默 (RNAi)。有趣的是，RNA 沉默在植物和昆虫中发生在病毒感染期间。vsiRNA 源自 dsRNA 分子，这些分子进一步需要宿主 Dicer-like (DCL) 蛋白、RNA 依赖的 RNA 聚合酶 (RdRP) 蛋白和 Argonaute (AGO) 蛋白。RdRP 使用 ssRNA 进行完整的 RNA 扩增过程以及 DCL 依赖的二级 vsiRNA 形成。病毒 RNA 沉默抑制子 (VSR) 干扰沉默机制中的信号传递。此外，病毒编码的运动蛋白促进了病毒的细胞间运动。特定因子（如 microRNA）调节的蛋白质组学和转录组学机制已成为基因调控的重要因素。RNAi 还通过调节许多真核生物的转录和转录后基因表达参与基因抑制。水稻草丛矮缩病毒 (RGSV) 是 Tenuivirus 属的成员。尽管对 RGSV 没有太多的研究，但这种病毒变得非常强大和具有破坏性，对许多亚洲国家，特别是中国的水稻作物造成了影响。在这篇综述中，我们强调了水稻病毒的生物学和沉默抑制子。这项工作将有助于植物病毒学家了解 vsiRNA 机制在水稻病毒特别是 RGSV 中的作用。
