Plant Developmental Biology, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6708 PB, the Netherlands; Theory of Biomolecular Matter, Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Plant Developmental Biology, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6708 PB, the Netherlands.
Curr Biol. 2018 Oct 8;28(19):3031-3043.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.07.025. Epub 2018 Sep 20.
Oriented cell divisions are significant in plant morphogenesis because plant cells are embedded in cell walls and cannot relocate. Cell divisions follow various regular orientations, but the underlying mechanisms have not been clarified. We propose that cell-shape-dependent self-organization of cortical microtubule arrays is able to provide a mechanism for determining planes of early tissue-generating divisions and may form the basis for robust control of cell division orientation in the embryo. To show this, we simulate microtubules on actual cell surface shapes, from which we derive a minimal set of three rules for proper array orientation. The first rule captures the effects of cell shape alone on microtubule organization, the second rule describes the regulation of microtubule stability at cell edges, and the third rule includes the differential effect of auxin on local microtubule stability. These rules generate early embryonic division plane orientations and potentially offer a framework for understanding patterned cell divisions in plant morphogenesis.
定向细胞分裂在植物形态发生中非常重要，因为植物细胞被嵌入细胞壁中，无法移动位置。细胞分裂遵循各种规则的方向，但潜在的机制尚未阐明。我们提出，依赖于细胞形状的皮层微管阵列的自组织能够为确定早期组织生成分裂的平面提供一种机制，并可能为胚胎中细胞分裂方向的稳健控制奠定基础。为了证明这一点，我们模拟了实际细胞表面形状上的微管，从中得出了一组用于正确排列方向的三个规则。第一个规则仅捕获细胞形状对微管组织的影响，第二个规则描述了细胞边缘微管稳定性的调节，第三个规则包括生长素对局部微管稳定性的差异效应。这些规则产生早期胚胎分裂平面方向，并可能为理解植物形态发生中的模式化细胞分裂提供一个框架。
