Yang M, Ou Z Z, Yang M, He P, He D K, Chen H Q, Liao X Q
Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou 510300, China.
Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi. 2018 Jun 20;36(6):413-415. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-9391.2018.06.003.
To compare the knowledge and behavior toward hearing protection among workers in different workplaces and investigate its influence factors. 2 manufacturing companies with obvious noise hazard in workplace were selected into the study. Health management level was distinguished through field investigation and verification. Questionnaire focus on basic knowledge of hearing health, acceptance level of noise hazard, comfort of wearing hearing protectors and atmosphere in workplace was designed and was used to investigate the knowledge and behavior toward hearing protection. Hearing protectors that meet the level of protection are distributed throughout the workplaces. Although company A has a lower noise hazards level, the health management system was poorly executed. The proportion of workers persisting in wearing hearing protectors throughout the work shift in company A was lower than B (<0.01) . Workers in company A intended to underestimate the noise level (<0.01) and the health effect of hearing loss (<0.01) . All the workers were worry about suffering from hearing loss (>0.05) , but those in company B had more positive attitude toward the protection of hearing protector (<0.01) and relied on the protector (<0.01) . The awareness of protection, in turn, help workers adapt attitude and get used to wearing hearing protectors consciously in workplace (<0.01) . Health management performance play a key role in help workers form good knowledge and behavior. To protect workplace health, employers need to creative a healthy supportive environment for workers.
比较不同工作场所工人对听力保护的认知与行为，并调查其影响因素。选择2家工作场所存在明显噪声危害的制造公司纳入研究。通过现场调查和核实区分健康管理水平。设计了关注听力健康基本知识、噪声危害接受程度、佩戴听力保护器舒适度和工作场所氛围的问卷，用于调查听力保护的知识和行为。将符合防护级别的听力保护器分发到各工作场所。虽然A公司的噪声危害水平较低，但健康管理系统执行不力。A公司整个工作班次坚持佩戴听力保护器的工人比例低于B公司（<0.01）。A公司的工人倾向于低估噪声水平（<0.01）和听力损失的健康影响（<0.01）。所有工人都担心听力损失（>0.05），但B公司的工人对听力保护器的保护态度更积极（<0.01）且更依赖保护器（<0.01）其保护意识反过来有助于工人在工作场所自觉调整态度并习惯佩戴听力保护器（<0.01）。健康管理绩效在帮助工人形成良好的知识和行为方面起着关键作用。为保护工作场所健康，雇主需要为工人创造一个健康的支持性环境。
