种属诱导阴道免疫病理学能力的比较分析。

Comparative Analysis of the Capacity of the Species To Elicit Vaginal Immunopathology.

机构信息

Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.

Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA

出版信息

Infect Immun. 2018 Nov 20;86(12). doi: 10.1128/IAI.00527-18. Print 2018 Dec.

Abstract

The human fungal pathogen is the major etiological agent of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). Despite this fact, other non- (NAC) species have frequently been reported, as well. Despite their presence in the vaginal environment, little is known about their capacities to elicit immune responses classically associated with -mediated immunopathology, including neutrophil recruitment and proinflammatory cytokine signaling. Therefore, using a combination of and approaches, we undertook a comparative analysis to determine whether a representative panel of NAC species could colonize, induce immunopathological markers, or cause damage at the vaginal mucosa. Using a murine model of VVC, was found to induce robust immunopathology (neutrophils and interleukin 1β [IL-1β]) and elicit mucosal damage. However, all the NAC species tested (including , , , , , and ) induced significantly less damage and neutrophil recruitment than , despite achieving similar early colonization levels. These results largely correlated with a notable lack of ability by the NAC species (including and ) to form hyphae both and Furthermore, both and induced significantly less expression of the gene encoding candidalysin, a key fungal virulence determinant driving VVC immunopathology. In order to determine the relative capacities of these species to elicit inflammasome-dependent IL-1β release, both wild-type and NLRP3 THP-1 cells were challenged While most species tested elicited only modest amounts of IL-1β, challenge with led to significantly elevated levels that were largely NLRP3 dependent. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that although NAC species are increasingly reported as causative agents of VVC, appears to be exceedingly vaginopathogenic, exhibiting robust immunopathology, hypha formation, and candidalysin expression. Thus, this study provides mechanistic insight into why is overwhelmingly the major pathogen reported during VVC.

摘要

人源真菌病原体 是外阴阴道念珠菌病 (VVC) 的主要病因。尽管如此,其他非念珠菌(NAC)种属也经常被报道。尽管它们存在于阴道环境中,但对于它们引发与 - 介导的免疫病理学相关的免疫反应的能力知之甚少,包括中性粒细胞募集和促炎细胞因子信号传导。因此,我们采用 和 方法相结合,进行了一项比较分析,以确定一组代表性的 NAC 种属是否能够定植、诱导免疫病理标志物或引起阴道黏膜损伤。使用 VVC 的小鼠模型,发现 能够诱导强烈的免疫病理学(中性粒细胞和白细胞介素 1β [IL-1β])并引发黏膜损伤。然而,所有测试的 NAC 种属(包括 、 、 、 、 和 )引起的损伤和中性粒细胞募集均明显少于 ,尽管它们在早期定植水平上相似。这些结果与 NAC 种属(包括 和 )在 和 中形成菌丝的能力显著缺乏有很大关系。此外, 和 诱导的编码念珠菌素的 基因表达显著减少,念珠菌素是驱动 VVC 免疫病理学的关键真菌毒力决定因素。为了确定这些种属引发炎症小体依赖性 IL-1β 释放的相对能力,我们用 野生型和 NLRP3 THP-1 细胞进行了挑战。虽然大多数测试的种属仅引起适度的 IL-1β 释放,但 挑战导致显著升高的水平,主要依赖于 NLRP3。总的来说,我们的研究结果表明,尽管 NAC 种属越来越多地被报道为 VVC 的病原体,但 似乎具有极强的阴道致病性,表现出强烈的免疫病理学、菌丝形成和念珠菌素表达。因此,这项研究提供了关于为什么 在 VVC 中被报道为主要病原体的机制见解。

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