Bourne Matthew, Talkad Aditi, Varacallo Matthew A.
LECOM-Bradenton
Medical College of Georgia
The fascia in the foot is composed of fibrous connective tissue that serves to separate, support, and attach muscles. It can be divided into the superficial fascia and the deep fascia. The superficial fascia is located just beneath the skin and varies in strength depending on where it is in the foot. On the dorsal side of the foot, the superficial fascia is thin and mobile. In contrast, the superficial fascia of the plantar side is thick and has multiple septations that contain fat to provide a cushion for the foot. It also has thick connections with the underlying deep fascia. The deep fascia is stronger than the superficial fascia. On the dorsal side of the foot, the deep fascia is thin and connected to the inferior extensor retinaculum. It continues laterally and posteriorly to connect with the plantar fascia, which is the name of the deep fascia on the plantar side. Similar to the superficial fascia, the deep fascia is much thicker on the plantar side. The central part of the plantar fascia forms the plantar aponeurosis, which starts proximally at the calcaneus and extends distally into five separate bands that become the digital sheaths. It is supported inferiorly by the superficial transverse metatarsal ligament. The fascia acts as a border for the five anatomic compartments of the foot, which include the medial compartment, the central compartment, the lateral compartment, the dorsal compartment, and the interosseous compartment. The medial compartment is bordered inferiorly by the medial plantar fascia, the central compartment is bordered inferiorly by the plantar aponeurosis, and the lateral compartment is bordered inferiorly by the lateral plantar fascia. The plantar aponeurosis also has intermuscular septa that extend superiorly through the foot to divide the medial, central, and lateral compartments. The interosseous compartment is bordered by the plantar and dorsal interosseous fascia. The dorsal compartment is bordered by the dorsal fascia superiorly and by the tarsal bones and dorsal interosseous fascia inferiorly.
足部的筋膜由纤维结缔组织构成，用于分隔、支撑和附着肌肉。它可分为浅筋膜和深筋膜。浅筋膜位于皮肤下方，其强度因在足部的位置而异。在足背侧，浅筋膜薄且可移动。相比之下，足底侧的浅筋膜厚且有多个间隔，其中含有脂肪，为足部提供缓冲。它还与下方的深筋膜有紧密连接。深筋膜比浅筋膜更强韧。在足背侧，深筋膜薄并与下伸肌支持带相连。它向外侧和后方延续，与足底筋膜相连，足底筋膜是足底侧深筋膜的名称。与浅筋膜类似，深筋膜在足底侧要厚得多。足底筋膜的中央部分形成足底腱膜，它起始于近端的跟骨，向远端延伸为五条独立的束带，成为指腱鞘。它在下方由跖横浅韧带支撑。筋膜作为足部五个解剖间隙的边界，这五个间隙包括内侧间隙、中央间隙、外侧间隙、背侧间隙和骨间间隙。内侧间隙的下方边界是内侧足底筋膜，中央间隙的下方边界是足底腱膜，外侧间隙的下方边界是外侧足底筋膜。足底腱膜还有肌间隔，向上延伸穿过足部，以分隔内侧、中央和外侧间隙。骨间间隙由足底和背侧骨间筋膜界定。背侧间隙上方由背侧筋膜界定，下方由跗骨和背侧骨间筋膜界定。
