Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom.
Faculty of Food & Biochemical Technology, Department of Food Analysis & Nutrition, University of Chemistry & Technology, Technická 3, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
Food Chem Toxicol. 2018 Nov;121:527-540. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.09.052. Epub 2018 Sep 22.
As human co-exposure to natural toxins through food and water is inevitable, risk assessments to safeguard health are necessary. Aflatoxin B and fumonisin B, frequent co-contaminants of maize and microcystin-LR, produced in freshwater by cyanobacteria are all naturally occurring potent toxins that threaten human health. Populations in the poorest regions of the world may suffer repeated simultaneous exposure to these contaminants. Using High Content Analysis, multiple cytotoxicity endpoints were measured for the individual toxins and mixtures in various cell lines. Results highlighted that significant cytotoxic effects were observed for aflatoxin B in all cell lines while no cytotoxic effects were observed for fumonisin B1 or microcystin-LR. Aflatoxin B/microcystin-LR was cytotoxic in the order HepG2 > Caco-2 > MDBK. Fumonisin B/microcystin-LR affected MDBK cells. The ternary mixture was cytotoxic to all cell lines. Most combinations were additive, however antagonism was observed for binary and ternary mixtures in HepG2 and MDBK cell lines at low and high concentrations. Synergy was observed in all cell lines, including at low concentrations. The combination of these natural toxins may pose a significant risk to populations in less developed countries. Furthermore, the study highlights the complexity around trying to regulate for human exposure to multiple contaminants.
由于人类通过食物和水不可避免地共同暴露于天然毒素，因此需要进行风险评估以保障健康。黄曲霉毒素 B 和伏马菌素 B，这两种毒素常与玉米共同污染，且由淡水蓝藻产生的微囊藻毒素-LR，都是对人类健康构成威胁的天然强效毒素。世界上最贫穷地区的人群可能会反复同时接触到这些污染物。本研究使用高通量分析，在多种细胞系中测量了单一毒素和混合物的多种细胞毒性终点。结果突出表明，黄曲霉毒素 B 在所有细胞系中均表现出显著的细胞毒性作用，而伏马菌素 B1 或微囊藻毒素-LR 则没有观察到细胞毒性作用。黄曲霉毒素 B/微囊藻毒素-LR 在 HepG2 > Caco-2 > MDBK 细胞系中的细胞毒性依次增强。伏马菌素 B/微囊藻毒素-LR 影响 MDBK 细胞。三元混合物对所有细胞系均具有细胞毒性。大多数组合是相加的，但是在 HepG2 和 MDBK 细胞系中，在低浓度和高浓度下，二元和三元混合物均表现出拮抗作用。在所有细胞系中均观察到协同作用，包括在低浓度下。这些天然毒素的组合可能对欠发达国家的人群构成重大风险。此外，该研究强调了试图对人类接触多种污染物进行监管的复杂性。
