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混合气味中的气味识别可以被训练吗?

Can the Identification of Odorants Within a Mixture Be Trained?

机构信息

Department of Anatomy, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières (Québec), Canada.

Institut du Tourisme et d'Hôtellerie du Québec, Montréal (Québec), Canada.

出版信息

Chem Senses. 2018 Nov 1;43(9):721-726. doi: 10.1093/chemse/bjy060.

Abstract

Identifying odors within mixtures is a difficult task: humans are able to recognize only up to 4 odors within a mixture. We wanted to test the effects of olfactory training on this ability. We used 7 odorants to create 35 olfactory stimuli of 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 odorants. The task consisted of identifying the odorants present within the mixture. We trained novices on this task for 5 days: they came to the laboratory to perform the task once a day before coming back for the final testing. Then, we compared them to sommeliers, thus olfaction experts, and untrained novices. Results showed that sommeliers outperformed the other groups with mixtures of up to 4 odorants but not with mixtures of 5 odorants. The short olfactory training allowed trained participants to perform as well as sommeliers when it came to identifying single odorants but was not enough to improve their performance when stimuli were mixtures of 2 or more odorants. This study supports the idea that the number of odors we can recognize within a mixture is limited but suggests training can improve the performance: a short olfactory training is enough to enhance the ability to identify single odorants, whereas expertise refines identification ability of mixtures of up to 4 odorants.

摘要

在混合物中识别气味是一项艰巨的任务

人类只能在混合物中识别出多达 4 种气味。我们想测试嗅觉训练对这种能力的影响。我们使用 7 种气味剂来创建 35 种嗅觉刺激物,其中包含 1、2、3、4 或 5 种气味剂。任务是识别混合物中存在的气味剂。我们对新手进行了为期 5 天的训练:他们每天来实验室完成任务,然后回来进行最终测试。然后,我们将他们与品酒师(即嗅觉专家)和未经训练的新手进行比较。结果表明,品酒师在识别 4 种气味剂的混合物方面优于其他组,但在识别 5 种气味剂的混合物方面则不然。短期嗅觉训练使受训者在识别单一气味剂方面的表现与品酒师一样出色,但对于识别 2 种或更多气味剂的混合物则不足以提高他们的表现。这项研究支持了这样一种观点,即在混合物中我们能识别的气味数量是有限的,但也表明训练可以提高性能:短期嗅觉训练足以提高识别单一气味剂的能力,而专业知识则可以提高识别多达 4 种气味剂混合物的能力。

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