Department of Medical Sciences: Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Sweden.
Lung Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia.
Respir Med. 2018 Oct;143:8-13. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2018.08.007. Epub 2018 Aug 13.
Chronic airflow obstruction (CAO) is the primary characteristic of Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but is also seen in chronic asthma.
To compare the prevalence of CAO and possible risk factors between Tartu in Estonia, Reykjavik in Iceland and Uppsala in Sweden.
All participants underwent spirometry testing of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV) and forced vital capacity (FVC) before and after bronchodilation. CAO was defined as post-bronchodilator FEV/FVC below lower limit of normal. Information on respiratory diseases and smoking status, was obtained through questionnaires administered by trained interviewers.
1037 men and 956 women participated in the study. The prevalence of CAO was lower in women in Tartu compared to the other centres (4.9% vs. 13.4 and 8.7% in Reykjavik and Uppsala, respectively, p = 0.002) while no difference was found for men. A similar picture was seen for the proportion of participants that had smoked 10 pack years or more which was much lower in Tartu for women than in Reykjavik and Uppsala, respectively (13.2% vs. 33.7 and 29.2%, p < 0.001). (Fig. 1). Of the participants with CAO the majority (57-67%) did not have a previous diagnosis of asthma or COPD.
The prevalence of CAO was lower in Estonian women than in women from Iceland and Sweden. The reason for this was probably that the Estonian women had smoked less than the female participants from Iceland and Sweden. The majority of those with CAO do not have a diagnosed lung disease.
慢性气流阻塞（CAO）是慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）的主要特征，但也可见于慢性哮喘。
比较爱沙尼亚塔尔图、冰岛雷克雅未克和瑞典乌普萨拉三地慢性气流阻塞（CAO）的患病率和可能的危险因素。
所有参与者均接受了支气管扩张前后的 1 秒用力呼气量（FEV）和用力肺活量（FVC）的肺量计检查。CAO 定义为支气管扩张后 FEV/FVC 低于正常下限。通过受过培训的访谈员进行问卷调查，获取呼吸道疾病和吸烟状况信息。
共有 1037 名男性和 956 名女性参与了这项研究。与其他两个中心相比，塔尔图女性的 CAO 患病率较低（4.9%对雷克雅未克的 13.4%和乌普萨拉的 8.7%，p=0.002），而男性之间无差异。在吸烟 10 包年或以上的参与者比例方面，也出现了类似的情况，与雷克雅未克和乌普萨拉相比，塔尔图女性的比例要低得多（13.2%对 33.7%和 29.2%，p<0.001）。（图 1）。在患有 CAO 的参与者中，大多数（57-67%）没有哮喘或 COPD 的既往诊断。
爱沙尼亚女性的 CAO 患病率低于冰岛和瑞典女性。其原因可能是爱沙尼亚女性的吸烟量少于冰岛和瑞典的女性参与者。大多数患有 CAO 的人没有被诊断出肺部疾病。
