Moritz Jorge Luís Wollstein, Mameniškienė Rūta, Rimšienė Justė, Budriūnienė Atėnė, de Almeida Calado Gabriel, Rigon Isadora Barazzetti, Cantú Pietro Lentz Martins, Meneguzzi Caroline, Walz Roger, Lin Kátia, Wolf Peter
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Lithuania.
Epilepsy Behav. 2018 Nov;88:130-138. doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2018.09.005. Epub 2018 Sep 28.
General Locus of Control (GLoC) is used to measure the extent to which people perceive life events as results of their own actions or external factors. This study analyzes the relationship between GLoC and people with epilepsy's (PWE) clinical characteristics, levels of anxiety, depression, religiosity/spirituality, and quality of life, with particular attention to possible influences of auras.
A case-control study was carried out with 186 consecutive patients with a definite diagnosis of epilepsy in Brazil and Lithuania. Besides clinical and demographic data, all patients answered to internationally validated scales: Rotter's GLoC, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Quality of Life in Epilepsy (QOLIE-31), and Index of Core Spiritual Experiences-Revised (INSPIRIT-R).
Patient's mean age was 36.15 ± 13.75 years, 61.3% were female, mean age at onset of epilepsy was 17.27 ± 13.59 years, and monthly seizure frequency was 8.22 ± 20.00. People with epilepsy were more depressed than controls, (p = 0.03). Within the group with epilepsy, patients reporting auras and reacting to them had higher levels of depression (p = 0.002) and anxiety (p = 0.004) and lower QOLIE-31 (p = 0.01) score but did not differ in GLoC (p = 0.73) or INSPIRIT-R (p = 0.71). Patients with perceived ability to prevent seizures in response to auras had no increased levels of depression and anxiety.
General Locus of Control externalization in PWE was not confirmed. To perceive and be able to react to auras is associated with increased anxiety and depressive symptoms in PWE but not if it results in preventing seizures. No transcultural differences in these parameters were found.
一般控制点（GLoC）用于衡量人们将生活事件视为自身行为结果还是外部因素结果的程度。本研究分析了一般控制点与癫痫患者（PWE）的临床特征、焦虑水平、抑郁水平、宗教信仰/精神性以及生活质量之间的关系，并特别关注先兆的可能影响。
对巴西和立陶宛186例确诊癫痫的连续患者进行了病例对照研究。除临床和人口统计学数据外，所有患者均回答了国际认可的量表：罗特一般控制点量表、医院焦虑抑郁量表（HADS）、癫痫患者生活质量量表（QOLIE - 31）和修订后的核心精神体验指数（INSPIRIT - R）。
患者的平均年龄为36.15±13.75岁，61.3%为女性，癫痫发病的平均年龄为17.27±13.59岁，每月癫痫发作频率为8.22±20.00次。癫痫患者比对照组更抑郁（p = 0.03）。在癫痫组中，报告有先兆并对其有反应的患者抑郁水平更高（p = 0.002）、焦虑水平更高（p = 0.004），QOLIE - 31得分更低（p = 0.01），但在一般控制点（p = 0.73）或INSPIRIT - R（p = 0.71）方面无差异。认为有能力因先兆预防癫痫发作的患者，其抑郁和焦虑水平并未升高。
未证实癫痫患者存在一般控制点外化现象。感知到先兆并能够对其做出反应与癫痫患者焦虑和抑郁症状增加有关，但如果能预防癫痫发作则不然。在这些参数上未发现跨文化差异。
