de Araujo Ademir Sergio Ferreira, Mendes Lucas William, Lemos Leandro Nascimento, Antunes Jadson Emanuel Lopes, Beserra Jose Evando Aguiar, de Lyra Maria do Carmo Catanho Pereira, Figueiredo Marcia do Vale Barreto, Lopes Ângela Celis de Almeida, Gomes Regina Lucia Ferreira, Bezerra Walderly Melgaço, Melo Vania Maria Maciel, de Araujo Fabio Fernando, Geisen Stefan
Agricultural Science Center, Federal University of Piauí, 64049-550, Teresina, PI, Brazil.
Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture CENA, University of Sao Paulo USP, 13416-000, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
Commun Biol. 2018 Sep 6;1:135. doi: 10.1038/s42003-018-0129-0. eCollection 2018.
Biodiversity underlies ecosystem functioning. While aboveground biodiversity is often well studied, the belowground microbiome, in particular protists, remains largely unknown. Indeed, holistic insights into soil microbiome structures in natural soils, especially in hyperdiverse biomes such as the Brazilian Cerrado, remain unexplored. Here, we study the soil microbiome across four major vegetation zones of the Cerrado, ranging from grass-dominated to tree-dominated vegetation with a focus on protists. We show that protist taxon richness increases towards the tree-dominated climax vegetation. Early successional habitats consisting of primary grass vegetation host most potential plant pathogens and least animal parasites. Using network analyses combining protist with prokaryotic and fungal sequences, we show that microbiome complexity increases towards climax vegetation. Together, this suggests that protists are key microbiome components and that vegetation succession towards climax vegetation is stimulated by higher loads of animal and plant pathogens. At the same time, an increase in microbiome complexity towards climax vegetation might enhance system stability.
生物多样性是生态系统功能的基础。虽然地上生物多样性常常得到充分研究，但地下微生物群落，尤其是原生生物，在很大程度上仍不为人知。事实上，对于天然土壤中土壤微生物群落结构的全面洞察，尤其是在巴西塞拉多这样的高度多样化生物群落中仍未得到探索。在此，我们研究了塞拉多四个主要植被带的土壤微生物群落，范围从以草为主的植被到以树为主的植被，并重点关注原生生物。我们发现，原生生物分类群丰富度朝着以树为主的 climax 植被方向增加。由原生草本植被组成的早期演替生境拥有最多的潜在植物病原体和最少的动物寄生虫。通过结合原生生物与原核生物和真菌序列的网络分析，我们发现微生物群落复杂性朝着 climax 植被方向增加。综合来看，这表明原生生物是微生物群落的关键组成部分，并且朝着 climax 植被的植被演替受到动植物病原体更高负荷的刺激。与此同时，微生物群落复杂性朝着 climax 植被的增加可能会增强系统稳定性。
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