Department of Kinesiology and Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
School of Kinesiology, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA.
Sports Biomech. 2020 Jun;19(3):333-341. doi: 10.1080/14763141.2018.1510538. Epub 2018 Oct 1.
Hill running is often used as a foundational training mechanism to build strength and speed. Distance runners in particular are at an increased likelihood of encountering steep hills during training runs. There is limited research regarding downhill running, and there is no research available on the biomechanics of females specifically during downhill running. The purpose of this study was to quantify the differences in loading when running downhill at different grades compared to a level surface in female distance runners to determine the potential risk for injury. Fifteen female distance runners (age: 23.5 ± 4.9 y), who ran 56.3 ± 20.9 km a week participated in this study. Participants ran on a force-instrumented treadmill at 4.0 m/s for 2 min at 0%, -5%, -10%, -15%, and -20% grades, with 5 min of rest between conditions. Study findings showed increased impact forces (< 0.001), and increased loading rates (< 0.001) with increasing downhill grades compared to level. These results indicate a significantly greater risk of overuse injury to the lower extremity with steeper downhill grades. Individuals need to be aware of these risks to plan and implement training programmes that will increase performance while minimising injury risk.
山坡跑通常被用作增强力量和速度的基础训练机制。尤其是长跑运动员在训练中更有可能遇到陡坡。关于下坡跑的研究有限，而且没有专门针对女性下坡跑的生物力学研究。本研究的目的是量化女性下坡跑与平地跑相比在不同坡度下的负荷差异，以确定受伤的潜在风险。15 名女性长跑运动员（年龄：23.5±4.9 岁）参加了这项研究，她们每周跑步 56.3±20.9 公里。参与者在力感应跑步机上以 4.0 米/秒的速度跑 2 分钟，坡度分别为 0%、-5%、-10%、-15%和-20%，每个条件之间休息 5 分钟。研究结果表明，与平地相比，下坡坡度增加时，冲击力量（<0.001）和加载速率（<0.001）均增加。这些结果表明，下坡坡度越大，下肢过度使用损伤的风险显著增加。个人需要意识到这些风险，以便计划和实施既能提高表现又能降低受伤风险的训练计划。
