Burrage Emily, Marshall Kent L, Santanam Nalini, Chantler Paul D
Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, Morgantown, WV, USA.
Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA.
Brain Circ. 2018 Apr-Jun;4(2):43-53. doi: 10.4103/bc.bc_6_18. Epub 2018 Jun 29.
Maintenance of adequate tissue perfusion through a dense network of cerebral microvessels is critical for the perseveration of normal brain function. Regulation of the cerebral blood flow has to ensure adequate delivery of nutrients and oxygen with moment-to-moment adjustments to avoid both hypo- and hyper-perfusion of the brain tissue. Even mild impairments of cerebral blood flow regulation can have significant implications on brain function. Evidence suggests that chronic stress and depression elicits multifaceted functional impairments to the cerebral microcirculation, which plays a critical role in brain health and the pathogenesis of stress-related cognitive impairment and cerebrovascular events. Identifying the functional and structural changes to the brain that are induced by stress is crucial for achieving a realistic understanding of how related illnesses, which are highly disabling and with a large economic cost, can be managed or reversed. This overview discusses the stress-induced alterations in neurovascular coupling with specific attention to cerebrovascular regulation (endothelial dependent and independent vasomotor function, microvessel density). The pathophysiological consequences of cerebral microvascular dysfunction with stress and depression are explored.
通过密集的脑微血管网络维持充足的组织灌注对于维持正常脑功能至关重要。脑血流调节必须确保在瞬间进行调整，以充分输送营养物质和氧气，避免脑组织出现灌注不足和灌注过度的情况。即使是轻微的脑血流调节受损也可能对脑功能产生重大影响。有证据表明，慢性应激和抑郁症会对脑微循环引发多方面的功能损害，而脑微循环在脑健康以及应激相关认知障碍和脑血管事件的发病机制中起着关键作用。识别应激引起的大脑功能和结构变化对于切实理解如何管理或逆转这些高度致残且经济成本巨大的相关疾病至关重要。本综述讨论了应激诱导的神经血管耦合变化，并特别关注脑血管调节（内皮依赖性和非依赖性血管舒缩功能、微血管密度）。探讨了应激和抑郁症导致的脑微血管功能障碍的病理生理后果。
