From the Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (Dr. Munger), and the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (Dr. Heckmann, Dr. McKnight, Dr. Dusch, Dr. Hatch, and Dr. Omid).
J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2019 Apr 15;27(8):295-300. doi: 10.5435/JAAOS-D-17-00686.
Although women now constitute approximately half of all graduating medical students, orthopaedic surgery continues to lag behind in its ability to recruit female applicants. One hypothesis for this discrepancy is the lack of female faculty mentors at academic institutions. The three objectives of this study were the following: (1) to quantify the proportion of female orthopaedic surgery residency applicants, (2) to quantify the proportion of female orthopaedic surgery faculty, and (3) to investigate the relationship between female orthopaedic surgery faculty at an academic institution and the corresponding number of female orthopaedic surgery residency applicants.
Data from the Association of American Medical Colleges from 2005 to 2014 were used to calculate the number of medical school graduates, the number of orthopaedic surgery residency applicants, and the number of orthopaedic full-time faculty in the United States. Institutions were excluded if they had incomplete data. A Spearman rank correlation was used to assess for a correlation between the 9-year total number of female orthopaedic surgery applicants and the average number of female orthopaedic surgery faculty members.
A total of 101 U.S. medical schools were included in the final analysis. During the period examined, women accounted for 48.7% of medical school graduates, 14.9% of orthopaedic surgery applicants, and 13.2% of full-time orthopaedic surgery faculty. The percentage of female residency applicants increased from 13.91% in 2005 to 2006 to 16.02% in 2013 to 2014 while the percentage of female faculty increased from 12.26% in 2005 to 2006 to 15.79% in 2013 to 2014. No correlation was found between the average number of female orthopaedic surgery faculty at an institution and the total number of female orthopaedic surgery applicants from that institution during the study period examined (Rho, 0.0176; P = 0.5957).
The data presented in this study failed to demonstrate a relationship between the number of female faculty and the number of women who apply into orthopaedic surgery, which highlights the complex nature of this issue. More research is needed to examine factors influencing the recruitment of female medical students.
尽管现在女性约占所有毕业医学生的一半，但在招聘女性申请者方面，矫形外科仍然落后。造成这种差异的一个假设是学术机构缺乏女性教职员工导师。本研究的三个目标如下：（1）量化女性矫形外科住院医师申请者的比例，（2）量化女性矫形外科教师的比例，（3）调查学术机构中的女性矫形外科教师数量与相应的女性矫形外科住院医师申请者数量之间的关系。
使用美国医学协会的数据，从 2005 年到 2014 年，计算了美国的医学院毕业生人数、矫形外科住院医师申请者人数和矫形外科全职教师人数。如果机构数据不完整，则将其排除在外。使用 Spearman 秩相关评估 9 年来女性矫形外科申请者总数与女性矫形外科教师平均人数之间的相关性。
共纳入 101 所美国医学院进行最终分析。在研究期间，女性占医学院毕业生的 48.7%、矫形外科申请者的 14.9%和全职矫形外科教师的 13.2%。女性住院医师申请者的比例从 2005 年至 2006 年的 13.91%增加到 2013 年至 2014 年的 16.02%，而女性教职员工的比例从 2005 年至 2006 年的 12.26%增加到 2013 年至 2014 年的 15.79%。在研究期间，未发现机构中女性矫形外科教师的平均人数与该机构的女性矫形外科申请者总数之间存在相关性（Rho，0.0176；P = 0.5957）。
本研究提供的数据未能证明女性教师人数与申请矫形外科的女性人数之间存在关系，这突显了这个问题的复杂性。需要进一步研究以检查影响女性医学生招聘的因素。
