Patrick Renee B, Bodine Andrew J, Gibbs John C, Basinger Karen S
a Department of Psychology , University of Tampa , Tampa , Florida , USA.
b Department of Psychology , Ohio State University , Columbus , Ohio , USA.
J Genet Psychol. 2018 Sep-Oct;179(5):231-245. doi: 10.1080/00221325.2018.1491472. Epub 2018 Oct 3.
Prior research suggests that moral identity influences individuals' willingness to engage in prosocial behavior. Little attention, however, has been given to the roles of and relations between moral identity and other factors, such as moral judgment, in accounting for types of prosocial behavior in adolescence. The current study examined the extent to which moral identity, moral judgment, and social self-efficacy contribute to prosocial behaviors in adolescence. Approximately 338 adolescents ( = 13.4 years) completed measures of moral identity, moral judgment, social self-efficacy, and prosocial behavior. Teachers rated adolescents' prosocial behaviors, which largely corroborated the adolescents' self-reports. Moral identity was found to predict most types of prosocial behavior. Moral judgment and moral identity were related and jointly predicted altruistic prosocial behaviors, but did not predict helping in front of others. Further, moral identity mediated the relationships between moral judgment and some forms of prosocial behavior (e.g., emotional, volunteering). Self-efficacy beliefs were found to predict some types of prosocial behavior (e.g., public), perhaps providing adolescents with confidence to engage in prosocial action. Overall, moral identity was especially effective in directly accounting for prosocial behavior, and may act as a mediator to bridge the moral judgment-moral action gap among adolescents.
先前的研究表明，道德认同会影响个体参与亲社会行为的意愿。然而，在解释青少年亲社会行为的类型时，道德认同与其他因素（如道德判断）之间的作用及关系却很少受到关注。当前的研究考察了道德认同、道德判断和社会自我效能在多大程度上促成了青少年的亲社会行为。大约338名青少年（平均年龄=13.4岁）完成了道德认同、道德判断、社会自我效能和亲社会行为的测量。教师对青少年的亲社会行为进行了评分，这在很大程度上证实了青少年的自我报告。研究发现，道德认同能够预测大多数类型的亲社会行为。道德判断与道德认同相关，并且共同预测利他性亲社会行为，但不能预测在他人面前提供帮助的行为。此外，道德认同在道德判断与某些形式的亲社会行为（如情感方面、志愿活动）之间起到了中介作用。自我效能信念能够预测某些类型的亲社会行为（如公开场合的行为），这或许为青少年参与亲社会行动提供了信心。总体而言，道德认同在直接解释亲社会行为方面尤为有效，并且可能作为一种中介来弥合青少年道德判断与道德行动之间的差距。
