Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, 300 Main Street, SC 29208, USA.
Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
Chemosphere. 2018 Dec;212:1104-1124. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.09.033. Epub 2018 Sep 10.
Various graphene-based nanoadsorbents, including graphenes, graphene oxides, reduced graphene oxides, and their nanocomposites, have been widely studied as potential adsorbents due to their unique physicochemical properties, such as structural variability, chemical strength, low density, and the possibility of large scale fabrication. Adsorption mechanisms are governed largely by the physicochemical properties of contaminants, the characteristics of nanoadsorbents, and background water quality conditions. This review summarizes recent comprehensive studies on the removal of various inorganic (mainly heavy metals) and organic contaminants by graphene-based nanoadsorbents, and also discusses valuable information for applications of these nanoadsorbents in water and wastewater treatment. In particular, the aqueous removal of various contaminants was reviewed to (i) summarize the general adsorption capacities of various graphene-based nanoadsorbents for the removal of different inorganic and organic contaminants, (ii) evaluate the effects of key water quality parameters such as pH, temperature, background major ions/ionic strength, and natural organic matter on adsorption, (iii) provide a comprehensive discussion of the mechanisms that influence adsorption on these nanoadsorbents, and (iv) discuss the potential regeneration and reusability of nanoadsorbents. In addition, current challenges and future research needs for the removal of contaminants by graphene-based nanoadsorbents in water treatment processes are discussed briefly.
各种基于石墨烯的纳米吸附剂，包括石墨烯、氧化石墨烯、还原氧化石墨烯及其纳米复合材料，由于其独特的物理化学性质，如结构可变性、化学强度、低密度和大规模制造的可能性，已被广泛研究作为潜在的吸附剂。吸附机制主要受污染物的物理化学性质、纳米吸附剂的特性和背景水质条件的影响。本综述总结了最近关于石墨烯基纳米吸附剂去除各种无机（主要是重金属）和有机污染物的综合研究，并讨论了这些纳米吸附剂在水和废水处理中应用的有价值信息。特别是，综述了各种污染物在水溶液中的去除情况，以总结各种石墨烯基纳米吸附剂对不同无机和有机污染物去除的一般吸附容量，评估 pH 值、温度、背景主要离子/离子强度和天然有机物等关键水质参数对吸附的影响，全面讨论影响这些纳米吸附剂吸附的机制，并讨论纳米吸附剂的潜在再生和再利用。此外，还简要讨论了在水处理过程中使用石墨烯基纳米吸附剂去除污染物的当前挑战和未来研究需求。
