Di Marzo Noemi, Chisci Elisa, Giovannoni Roberto
School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy.
Cells. 2018 Oct 4;7(10):156. doi: 10.3390/cells7100156.
Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) is an important metabolite involved in most of the redox metabolism reactions and processes of the cells. H₂O₂ is recognized as one of the main molecules in the sensing, modulation and signaling of redox metabolism, and it is acting as a second messenger together with hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) and nitric oxide (NO). These second messengers activate in turn a cascade of downstream proteins via specific oxidations leading to a metabolic response of the cell. This metabolic response can determine proliferation, survival or death of the cell depending on which downstream pathways (homeostatic, pathological, or protective) have been activated. The cells have several sources of H₂O₂ and cellular systems strictly control its concentration in different subcellular compartments. This review summarizes research on the role played by H₂O₂ in signaling pathways of eukaryotic cells and how this signaling leads to homeostatic or pathological responses.
过氧化氢（H₂O₂）是一种重要的代谢产物，参与细胞的大多数氧化还原代谢反应和过程。H₂O₂被认为是氧化还原代谢传感、调节和信号传导中的主要分子之一，它与硫化氢（H₂S）和一氧化氮（NO）一起作为第二信使。这些第二信使通过特定的氧化反应依次激活一系列下游蛋白质，从而导致细胞的代谢反应。根据激活的下游途径（稳态、病理或保护途径），这种代谢反应可以决定细胞的增殖、存活或死亡。细胞有多种H₂O₂来源，细胞系统严格控制其在不同亚细胞区室中的浓度。本综述总结了关于H₂O₂在真核细胞信号通路中的作用以及这种信号传导如何导致稳态或病理反应的研究。
