Glennon Richard A, Dukat Małgorzata
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298 USA.
Ann Forensic Res Anal. 2017;4(2). Epub 2017 Mar 21.
the fresh leaves of which (i.e., ) are used for their central stimulant actions, has been known for many hundreds of years. (-)Cathinone was identified as a centrally-active constituents >30 years ago. Although use was a problem long localized to certain Middle Eastern and certain Eastern African nations, 'synthetic cathinones' (synthetic analogs of cathinone) represent a "new" class of abused substances with growing worldwide appeal. To date, about 150 synthetic cathinones have been identified on the clandestine market, and only a dozen or so have been controlled (U.S. Schedule I). Because these agents do not represent a pharmacologically (i.e., behavioral) or mechanistically homogeneous class of agents, synthetic cathinones are being investigated one agent at a time to understand their actions, mechanisms of action, metabolism, toxicity, and abuse potential - the latter to identify possible modes of overdose treatment and for Scheduling purposes. The available agents might represent only the 'tip of the iceberg'; the potential for many more new synthetic cathinones is very real. Investigation of these agents on an agent-by-agent basis is a daunting task. Attempts are being made to understand these agents as a class, by examination of their structure-activity relationships. Here, we provide an overview of review articles that attempts to shed light on these agents as a class, rather than on an agent-by-agent basis. This article is meant to be a reference resource that might expedite the work of those in this field by directing them to where they can find useful information.
其新鲜叶子（即 ）因其中枢兴奋作用而被使用，这已为人所知数百年。（-）去甲伪麻黄碱在30多年前就被确定为一种具有中枢活性的成分。虽然 的使用长期以来一直是某些中东和东非国家特有的问题，但“合成卡西酮”（卡西酮的合成类似物）代表了一类“新型”滥用物质，在全球范围内的吸引力不断增加。迄今为止，在非法市场上已鉴定出约150种合成卡西酮，只有大约十二种受到管制（美国附表一）。由于这些药物并不代表一类药理学（即行为学）或作用机制相同的药物，因此正在对合成卡西酮逐一进行研究，以了解它们的作用、作用机制、代谢、毒性和滥用潜力——后者是为了确定可能的过量治疗模式并用于管制目的。现有的药物可能只是“冰山一角”；更多新型合成卡西酮出现的可能性非常大。逐一研究这些药物是一项艰巨的任务。人们正在尝试通过研究它们的构效关系来将这些药物作为一个类别来理解。在此，我们概述了一些综述文章，这些文章试图从整体上而非逐个药物地阐明这些药物。本文旨在成为一种参考资源，通过引导该领域的研究人员找到有用信息，可能会加快他们的工作进程。
