Plant Protection Research Institute, Duc Thang, Bac Tu Liem, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark.
PLoS One. 2018 Oct 5;13(10):e0204962. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204962. eCollection 2018.
The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, is a serious threat to rice production in Vietnam and insecticides are widely used for its control. Migration of the BPH have one of its roots in tropical Vietnam in the Mekong River Delta and the insecticide resistance status of BPH populations from Vietnam is thus important for East Asia. In the present investigation, we evaluate the susceptibility of BPH populations from nine provinces from the Red River Delta, the Central Coastal region and the Mekong River Delta of eight insecticides during 2015-17. BPH field populations of Vietnam have developed a low to moderate level of resistance to the neonicotinoids dinotefuran, nitenpyram and imidacloprid, the pyrethroid etofenprox, the anticholinesterase fenobucarb, as well as fipronil and pymetrozine, and the growth regulator buprofezin. There was a correlation of in toxicology of fipronil, dinotefuran, etofenprox, buprofezin, which represents four different modes of action. The neonicotinoid nitenpyram, pymetrozine and fenobucarb did not show correlation in toxicology to any of the investigated insecticides. For most insecticides, a gradient of susceptibility was established from the Red River Delta in the north, through the Central Coastal region and to the Mekong River Delta in the south of Vietnam. The most susceptible populations were from the north. Insecticide resistance of the BPH populations in Vietnam is not at an alarming level and they are not the direct origin of high insecticide resistance found in East Asia. The cross-resistance pattern of BPH populations in Vietnam, where insecticides with different modes of action correlated, indicate that insecticides should be used with caution. There could be a buildup of a general metabolic resistance, which alone or in combination with the emergence of target-site resistance mutations will cause control problems. The results will be beneficial for development of resistance management strategies to prevent and delay development of insecticide resistance in BPH not only for Vietnam, but also for more northern Asian regions due the migration of BPH from tropical Vietnam.
褐飞虱（BPH），Nilaparvata lugens，是越南水稻生产的严重威胁，广泛使用杀虫剂进行防治。褐飞虱的迁移起源于越南北部的湄公河三角洲的热带地区，因此越南褐飞虱种群的抗药性状况对东亚地区很重要。在本研究中，我们评估了 2015-17 年来自红河三角洲、中央沿海地区和湄公河三角洲的 9 个省的 BPH 种群对 8 种杀虫剂的敏感性。越南田间褐飞虱种群对新烟碱类杀虫剂噻虫嗪、吡虫啉和噻虫胺、拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂乙氰菊酯、乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂呋虫胺以及氟虫腈和吡丙醚产生了低至中度水平的抗性，以及生长调节剂噻嗪酮。氟虫腈、噻虫嗪、乙氰菊酯、噻嗪酮之间存在毒理学相关性，代表了四种不同的作用方式。新烟碱类杀虫剂吡虫啉、吡丙醚和呋虫胺与所研究的杀虫剂均无毒理学相关性。对于大多数杀虫剂，从北部的红河三角洲，通过中央沿海地区，到越南南部的湄公河三角洲，建立了敏感性梯度。最敏感的种群来自北部。越南褐飞虱种群的抗药性尚未达到令人担忧的水平，它们不是东亚发现的高抗药性的直接来源。越南褐飞虱种群的抗药性模式相互关联，表明应谨慎使用杀虫剂。单独或与靶标抗性突变的出现相结合，可能会导致一般代谢抗性的积累，从而导致控制问题。这些结果将有助于制定抗性管理策略，以防止和延迟褐飞虱对杀虫剂的抗性在越南乃至更北的亚洲地区的发展，因为褐飞虱从越南北部的热带地区迁移。
