Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, I. R. Iran.
Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, I. R. Iran.
J Dairy Sci. 2018 Dec;101(12):11297-11309. doi: 10.3168/jds.2018-14506. Epub 2018 Oct 3.
Recent studies demonstrated a high antioxidant capacity for pomegranate components due to their rich bioactive compounds, such as conjugated fatty acids and phenolics. The objective of the present study was, therefore, to assess whether pomegranate seed or pomegranate seed pulp (peel + seed) supplementation could be effective to improve antioxidant status, and hence metabolic profile and performance in periparturient dairy cows. After a 1-wk pretreatment period, Holstein cows (primiparous n = 12, multiparous n = 18) were assigned to 3 dietary treatments from 25 d before expected calving through 25 d postcalving. The dietary treatments included (1) control (CON); (2) diet supplemented with pomegranate seeds (PS; 400 g/cow per day); and (3) diet supplemented with pomegranate seed pulp (PSP; 400 g of seeds/cow per day + 1200 g of peels/cow per day). Compared with CON, supplementation with either PS or PSP had no effects on dry matter intake, rumen fermentation, and plasma concentrations of cholesterol, total protein, globulin, and aspartate amino transferase, but enhanced plasma total antioxidant activity, and lowered triacylglycerol, free fatty acids (FFA), and β-hydroxybutyrate at both pre- and postpartum periods. Plasma concentration of glucose, albumin, malondialdehyde (MDA) and blood superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were not affected by dietary treatments at prepartum, whereas SOD activity increased and glucose, albumin, MDA, and FFA-to-albumin ratio decreased by feeding both by-products at postpartum period. In contrast to PS, supplementing PSP resulted in a greater decrease in plasma glucose and triacylglycerol concentration and higher increase in SOD activity. Energy- and fat-corrected milk yields were higher in cows fed PSP diet compared with those fed CON or PS diets, but content of milk fat, protein, and lactose were similar across the dietary treatments. These findings indicated that dietary pomegranate by-products supplementation, in particular PSP, could improve antioxidant status, which was associated with a decline in lipid oxidation (FFA and β-hydroxybutyrate) and peroxidation (MDA) and an enhancement in glucose utilization as well as fat-corrected milk yield.
最近的研究表明，由于其富含生物活性化合物，如共轭脂肪酸和酚类物质，石榴的成分具有很高的抗氧化能力。因此，本研究的目的是评估石榴籽或石榴籽浆（果皮+籽）补充剂是否可以有效改善围产期奶牛的抗氧化状态，从而改善其代谢谱和性能。在预处理期 1 周后，从预计分娩前 25 天到分娩后 25 天，将荷斯坦奶牛（初产牛 12 头，经产牛 18 头）分为 3 种饮食处理。饮食处理包括（1）对照（CON）；（2）补充石榴籽（PS；每头牛每天 400 克）；（3）补充石榴籽浆（PSP；每头牛每天 400 克种子+1200 克果皮）。与 CON 相比，PS 或 PSP 的补充对干物质摄入量、瘤胃发酵以及胆固醇、总蛋白、球蛋白和天冬氨酸氨基转移酶的血浆浓度没有影响，但提高了血浆总抗氧化活性，并降低了三酰甘油、游离脂肪酸（FFA）和β-羟基丁酸在产前和产后两个时期的浓度。产前，葡萄糖、白蛋白、丙二醛（MDA）和血液超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性不受饮食处理的影响，而产后两种副产物都能增加 SOD 活性，降低葡萄糖、白蛋白、MDA 和 FFA-白蛋白比值。与 PS 相比，补充 PSP 可使血浆葡萄糖和三酰甘油浓度降低更大，SOD 活性升高更大。与 CON 或 PS 饮食相比，饲喂 PSP 日粮的奶牛产奶量更高，但日粮处理之间的乳脂、蛋白质和乳糖含量相似。这些发现表明，饮食中添加石榴副产物，特别是 PSP，可改善抗氧化状态，这与降低脂质氧化（FFA 和β-羟基丁酸）和过氧化（MDA）以及提高葡萄糖利用率和产奶量有关。
