Bandelj Petra, Jamnikar-Ciglenecki Urska, Ocepek Matjaz, Blagus Rok, Vengust Modest
Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbiceva 60, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Institute for Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
J Vet Intern Med. 2018 Sep;32(5):1773-1779. doi: 10.1111/jvim.15234. Epub 2018 Sep 17.
Listeria monocytogenes (LM) is an important foodborne pathogen affecting animals and humans. Listeriosis outbreaks in humans caused by consumption of unpasteurized dairy products are of serious concern.
To determine risk factors associated with fecal shedding of LM in family dairy farms.
Fecal samples were collected from cows and calves on 20 family dairy farms in 2-week intervals for a period of 1 year.
Longitudinal study. LM was detected using qPCR. Univariate mixed effect model and multivariate analyses were performed to associate risk factors (dietary change, breed, mastitis, other diseases, antibiotic treatment, other treatments, heat index, and meteorological season) with fecal shedding of LM.
LM was isolated from all farms on at least 1 sampling day. The average yearly prevalence was 18.2% (98/540) and 8.4% (43/511) in cows and calves, respectively. Heat index (P = .05) and meteorological season (P = .04) affected fecal shedding of LM on a farm level. Meteorological season only influenced fecal shedding of LM in cows (P = .04), whereas heat index (P = .01) influenced fecal shedding of LM in calves. Spring season was identified as the major risk factor associated fecal shedding of LM on a farm level (P = .01) and in cows (P = .01). Dietary changes were associated with lower odds for fecal shedding of LM in calves (P < .01).
Fecal shedding of LM is associated with environmental temperatures and the meteorological season. Farmers and veterinarians should use this information when implementing strategies to reduce risks for LM dissemination in animals and in the community.
单核细胞增生李斯特菌（LM）是一种影响动物和人类的重要食源性病原体。因食用未经巴氏杀菌的乳制品导致的人类李斯特菌病暴发令人严重关切。
确定家庭奶牛场中与LM粪便排菌相关的风险因素。
在1年时间里，每隔2周从20个家庭奶牛场的奶牛和犊牛采集粪便样本。
纵向研究。使用定量聚合酶链反应（qPCR）检测LM。进行单变量混合效应模型和多变量分析，以将风险因素（饮食变化、品种、乳腺炎、其他疾病、抗生素治疗、其他治疗、热指数和气象季节）与LM粪便排菌相关联。
在至少1个采样日，所有农场均分离出LM。奶牛和犊牛的年平均患病率分别为18.2%（98/540）和8.4%（43/511）。热指数（P = 0.05）和气象季节（P = 0.04）在农场层面影响LM粪便排菌。气象季节仅影响奶牛的LM粪便排菌（P = 0.04），而热指数（P = 0.01）影响犊牛的LM粪便排菌。春季被确定为农场层面（P = 0.01）和奶牛（P = 0.01）中与LM粪便排菌相关的主要风险因素。饮食变化与犊牛LM粪便排菌几率较低相关（P < 0.01）。
LM粪便排菌与环境温度和气象季节相关。农民和兽医在实施降低动物和社区中LM传播风险的策略时应利用这些信息。
